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Characterization and genome-wide association mapping of resistance to leaf rust, stem rust and stripe rust in a geographically diverse collection of spring wheat landraces

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Abstract

The challenge posed by rapidly changing wheat rust pathogens, both in virulence and in environmental adaptation, calls for the development and application of new techniques to accelerate the process of breeding for durable resistance. To expand the resistance gene pool available for germplasm improvement, a panel of 159 landraces plus old cultivars was evaluated for seedling and adult plant resistance (APR) to over 35 Australian pathotypes of Puccinia triticina, Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, and Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. Known seedling resistance (SR) genes for leaf rust (Lr2a, Lr3a, Lr13, Lr23, Lr16, and Lr20), stem rust (Sr12, Sr13, Sr23, Sr30, and Sr36), and stripe rust (Yr3, Yr4, Yr5, Yr9, Yr10, Yr17, and Yr27) were postulated. The APR genes identified via field assessments and marker analyses included the pleiotropic genes (Lr34/Yr18/Sr57, Lr46/Yr29/Sr58, Lr67/Yr46/Sr55, and Sr2/Lr27/Yr30), Lr68, Lr74, and uncharacterized APR. A genome-wide association analysis using linear mixed models detected 79 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers significantly associated with rust resistance, which were mapped on chromosomes 1A, 1B, 1D, 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B, 3D, 4A, 5A, 5B, 6A, 6B, 6D, 7A, 7B and 7D. SNPs associated with multiple rust resistances probably indicate the presence of new pleiotropic or closely linked genes. SNPs were mapped on chromosome positions (1AL, 1DS, 2AL, 4AS, 5BS, 6DL, and 7AL) that have not been known to carry APR genes. This study revealed the presence of a range of possibly unidentified effective seedling and APRs among the landraces, which might represent new sources of rust resistance for the ongoing effort to develop improved wheat cultivars.

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Acknowledgements

The authors greatly appreciate the research material and technical support provided by the following institutions and individuals. The Plant Breeding Institute (PBI) of the University of Sydney provided the facilities, equipment, and areas for the research. The USDA-National Small Grains Collection provided seeds and genotypic data of the wheat landraces. Dr. Urmil Bansal, Ms. Kate Vincent, and Ms. Naeela Qureshi provided the APR-linked molecular markers and helped in the analyses. The contribution of Prof. Colin Wellings in the stripe rust data interpretation is greatly appreciated. Mr. M. Williams, Mr. J. Roake, Mr. K. Kandel, and Ms. M. Pietilainen supported in establishment and management of greenhouse and field experiments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Breeding Institute Cobbitty, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Narellan, NSW, Australia

    Peace Kankwatsa, Davinder Singh & Robert F. Park

  2. School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia

    Peter C. Thomson

  3. Southern Horticultural Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Poplarville, MS, USA

    Ebrahiem M. Babiker

  4. Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Aberdeen, ID, USA

    John M. Bonman

  5. School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA

    Maria Newcomb

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  1. Peace Kankwatsa
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  2. Davinder Singh
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  3. Peter C. Thomson
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  4. Ebrahiem M. Babiker
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  5. John M. Bonman
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  6. Maria Newcomb
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  7. Robert F. Park
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Contributions

PK, DS, and RP designed the research studies, characterized seedling and adult plant resistance existing in the wheat landraces, and mapped SNP markers significantly associated with resistance. MN, EB, and MB provided germplasm and carried out wheat landrace genotyping. PK, PT, and EB carried out genome wide association analyses. PK and DS with help from all other coauthors wrote the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Davinder Singh.

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Funding

This study was jointly funded by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, USA, and in collaboration with the University of Sydney Australia, World Bank, and Government of Uganda through the National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO) Uganda under the Agricultural Technology and Agribusiness Advisory Services (ATAAS) Project.

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Kankwatsa, P., Singh, D., Thomson, P.C. et al. Characterization and genome-wide association mapping of resistance to leaf rust, stem rust and stripe rust in a geographically diverse collection of spring wheat landraces. Mol Breeding 37, 113 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-017-0707-8

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