Abstract
Growth duration, the entire developmental period from seed emergence to maturity, plays an important role in wheat adaptation and is a complex trait controlled by multiple genes and influenced by environmental factors. In order to precisely detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for wheat growth duration and its timing components, and dissect their genetic relationship, we performed QTL mapping and conditional analysis in a recombinant inbred line population. A total of 17 conditional QTLs and 30 unconditional QTLs were identified in this study, which explained 3.3–34.7 % of the phenotypic variation. Of them, 17 explained more than 10 % of the phenotypic variation and eight were environment-independent. Eight common QTLs were identified on chromosomes 1D, 2A, 2D, 3D, 4A, 5A, 7A and 7D, and explained significant phenotypic variation for two to eight traits. Notably, the QTL on chromosome 2D (genetic region of wPt-7149-wPt-667843) explained major phenotypic variation for emergence time (ET), heading time (HT), maturity time (MT) and growth duration (GD). The QTL on chromosome 3D (wPt-741816-wPt-732611) accounted for significant phenotypic variation for ET, TT and FT. Conditional analysis and unconditional analysis suggested that utilizing the genetic region of wPt-7149-wPt-667843 on chromosome 2D can modify ET, HT, MT and GD simultaneously, whereas the genetic region of wPt-741816-wPt-732611 on chromosome 3D can modify GD components individually to avoid change to the whole GD. This QTL mapping study and genetic relationship analysis between growth duration and its component traits should be of great practical and theoretical value for wheat breeding.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- RIL:
-
Recombinant inbred line
- ET:
-
Emergence time
- TT:
-
Tilling time
- HT:
-
Heading time
- FT:
-
Flowering time
- MT:
-
Maturity time
- GD:
-
Growth duration
- GDC:
-
Growth duration components
- QTL:
-
Quantitative trait locus
- SC:
-
SHW-L1 × Chuanmai 32 (mapping population)
References
Ahmed TA, Tsujimoto H, Sasakuma T (2000) Identification of RFLP markers linked with heading date and its heterosis in hexaploid wheat. Euphytica 116:111–119
Beales J, Turner A, Griffiths S, Snape JW, Laurie DA (2007) A pseudo-response regulator is misexpressed in the photoperiod insensitive Ppd-D1a mutant of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theor Appl Genet 115:721–733
Bullrich L, Appendino ML, Tranquilli G, Lewis S, Dubcovsky J (2002) Mapping of a thermo-sensitive earliness per se gene on Trticum monococcum chromosome 1A m. Theor Appl Genet 105:585–593
Cui F, Li J, Ding AM, Zhao CH, Wang L, Wang XQ, Li SS, Bao YG, Li XF, Feng DS, Kong LR, Wang HG (2011) Conditional QTL mapping for plant height with respect to the length of the spike and internode in two mapping populations of wheat. Theor Appl Genet 122:1517–1536
Cui F, Zhao CH, Li J, Ding AM, Li XF, Bao YG, Li JM, Ji J, Wang HG (2013) Kernel weight per spike: what contributes to it at the individual QTL level? Mol Breed 31(2):265–278
Danyluk J, Kane NA, Breton G, Limin AE, Fowler DB, Sarhan F (2003) TaVRT-1, a putative transcription factor associated with vegetative to reproductive transition in cereals. Plant Physiol 132:1849–1860
Ding AM, Li J, Cui F, Zhao CH, Ma HY, Wang HG (2011) Mapping QTLs for yield related traits using two associated RIL populations of wheat. Acta Agron Sin 37(9):1511–1524
Dubcovsky J, Dvorak J (2007) Genome plasticity a key factor in the success of polyploidy wheat under domestication. Science 316:1862–1866
Jiang JH, Zhao QB, Liu QM, Chen L, Chen FL, Qiao BJ, Hong DL (2011) Mining applicable elite alleles of growth duration, plant height and panicle number per plant by conditional QTL mapping in japonica rice. Rice Sci 18(3):196–203
Li HH, Zhang LY, Wang JK (2008) Users’ manual of QTL IciMapping v2.2. http://www.isbreeding.net/software/default.aspx?type=detail&id=3
Lin F, Xue SL, Tian DG, Li CJ, Cao Y, Zhang ZZ, Zhang CQ, Ma ZQ (2008) Mapping chromosomal regions affecting flowering time in a spring wheat RIL population. Euphytica 164(3):769–777
Murai K, Miyamae M, Kato H, Takumi S, Ogihara Y (2003) WAP1, a wheat APETALA1 homolog, plays a central role in the phase transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. Plant Cell Physiol 44:1255–1265
Nguyen AT, Iehisa JCM, Kajimura K, Murai K, Takumi S (2013) Identification of quantitative trait loci for flowering-related traits in the D genome of synthetic hexaploid wheat lines. Euphytica 192:401–402
Pankova K, Milec Z, Simmonds J, Leverington-Waite M, Fish L, Snape JW (2008) Genetic mapping of a new flowering time gene on chromosome 3B of wheat. Euphytica 164(3):779–787
Shindo C, Tsujimoto H, Sasakuma T (2003) Segregation analysis of heading traits in hexaploid wheat utilizing recombinant inbred lines. Heredity 90:56–63
Snape JW, Butterworth K, Whitechurch E, Worland AJ (2001) Waiting for fine times: genetics of flowering time in wheat. Euphytica 119:185–190
Toth B, Galiba G, Feher E, Sutka J, Snape JW (2003) Mapping genes affecting flowering time and frost resistance on chromosome 5B of wheat. Theor Appl Genet 107(3):509–514
United States Department of Agriculture (2012) USDA world agricultural supply and demand estimates. Report no. WASDE-511. http://usda01.library.cornell.edu/usda/current/wasde/wasde-10-11-2012.pdf
Wang RX, Hai L, Zhang XY, You GX, Yan CS, Xiao SH (2009) QTL mapping for grain filling rate and yield-related traits in RILs of the Chinese winter wheat population Heshangmai × Yu8679. Theor Appl Genet 118:313–325
Wang L, Cui F, Ding AM, Li J, Wang JP, Zhao CH, Li XF, Feng DS, Wang HG (2012) Length of internode and spike: how do they contribute to plant height of wheat at an individual QTL level? Cereal Res Commun 40(1):1–12
Wen YX, Zhu J (2005) Multivariable conditional analysis for complex trait and its components. Acta Genet Sin 32:289–296
Wilhelm EP, Turner AS, Laurie DA (2009) Photoperiod insensitive Ppd-A1a mutations in tetraploid wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). Theor Appl Genet 118:285–294
Yan L, Fu D, Li C, Blechl A, Tranquilli G, Bonafede M, Sanchez A, Valarik M, Yasuda S, Dubcovsky J (2006) The wheat and barley vernalization gene VRN3 is an orthologue of FT. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:19581–19586
Yu M, Mao SL, Chen GY, Pu ZE, Wei YM, Zheng YL (2014) QTLs for uppermost internode and spike length in two wheat RIL populations and their affect upon plant height at an individual QTL level. Euphytica 200:95–108
Zhang LQ, Liu DC, Yan ZH, Lan XJ, Zheng YL, Zhou YH (2004) Rapid changes of microsatellite flanking sequence in the allopolyploidization of new synthesized hexaploid wheat. Science in China Ser. C. Life Sci 47(6):553–561
Zhang K, Tian J, Zhao L, Liu B, Chen GF (2009) Detection of quantitative trait loci for heading date based on the doubled haploid progeny of two elite Chinese wheat cultivars. Genetica 135(3):257–265
Zhu J (1992) Mixed model approaches for estimating genetic variance and covariance. J Biomath 7:1–11
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31230053 and 31171556), and the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 program 2011AA100103).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yu, M., Chen, GY., Pu, ZE. et al. Quantitative trait locus mapping for growth duration and its timing components in wheat. Mol Breeding 35, 44 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-015-0201-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-015-0201-0