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Lake-Level Fluctuations and Small-Scale Vegetation Patterns During the Late Glacial in The Netherlands

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Abstract

Late glacial changes in the vegetation were studied in and around a former lake on the southeastern side of a coversand ridge near Milheeze (southern Netherlands). Analyses of microfossils and macroremains and AMS 14C dating were performed on four sediment cores along a transect from sand ridge to the lake centre. Small-scale vegetation patterns and lake-level fluctuations were reconstructed in detail based on the information provided by the transect. For the first time in The Netherlands, cores along a transect within one lake were used to reconstruct the amplitude of late glacial lake-level fluctuations. Near Milheeze, a small and shallow lake was formed during the Bølling. The large increase in the water level during the Bølling and early Allerød, and the transition to more eutrophic conditions at the start of the Allerød, were probably related to the disappearance of permafrost. During the Allerød, open birch and pine woodlands developed in the area. In the lake, organic deposits accumulated, and the lake size and depth fluctuated. At the start of the Younger Dryas, higher lake water levels were recorded and woodlands became more open as a result of both a drop in the temperature and an increase in the effective precipitation. During the late Younger Dryas the lake water level dropped as the climate became drier and temperatures slightly increased. Accumulation of organic deposits in the lake ceased at the end of the Younger Dryas, which was caused by a drop in the water level in combination with the hydroseral succession process within the lake itself. The climatic signal reflected in the late glacial flora and lake-level fluctuations agree well with other published data from The Netherlands.

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  1. Department of Palaeoecology, Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, NL-3584, Utrecht, CD, The Netherlands

    Johanna A. A. Bos & C. Roel Janssen

  2. Department of Quaternary Geology and Geomorphology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, Amsterdam, HV, The Netherlands

    Sjoerd J. P. Bohncke

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  1. Johanna A. A. Bos
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Bos, J.A.A., Bohncke, S.J.P. & Janssen, C.R. Lake-Level Fluctuations and Small-Scale Vegetation Patterns During the Late Glacial in The Netherlands. J Paleolimnol 35, 211–238 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-005-8517-0

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