Abstract
Riparian forests have been greatly affected by anthropogenic actions with formerly continuous riparian forests being slowly converted into small and isolated patches. Riparian forests are extremely important habitats for many groups of insects, including bees and wasps, because they are sources of shelter and food for them and their offspring. There is a growing body of evidence of success in the restoration of riparian forest plant communities; however, little research has been done on the associated invertebrate communities. We test whether restoring plant communities is sufficient for restoring the taxonomic composition of trap-nesting bees and wasps and which functional traits are favored in different sites. We predict that species richness, abundance, and community composition of trap-nesting bees and wasps of riparian sites undergoing restoration will converge on the “target” of a reference site with increasing time, since restoration increases habitat complexity. We also predict that the width of restored patches will also influence the species richness, abundance and community composition of trap-nesting bees and wasps. Bee richness and abundance, and wasp richness, were strongly related to fragment width, but not to age since restoration. Our results indicate that although restored sites are relatively small and scattered in a fragmented landscape, they provide suitable habitat for re-colonization by community assemblages of trap-nesting bees and wasps and the traits selected captured the responses to the habitat restoration. Hence, restored riparian areas can be considered important habitats for invertebrates, thus contributing to an increase in local biodiversity and, possibly, the restoration of some of the ecosystem services they originally provided.
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The funding was provided by Fapemig/CEMIG (Grant no. APQ 03055/11).
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Conceptualization: YA, MCTBM, Data curation: YA, MCTBM, GJA, Formal analysis: YA, GJA, GFM, Funding acquisition:YA, Investigation: YA, MCTBM, GJA, Methodology: YA, MCTBM, GJA, GFM, Project administration: YA, Resources: YA, Supervision: YA, Validation: YA, MCTBM, GJA, GFM, Visualization: YA, MCTBM, GJA, GFM, Writing (original draft preparation): YA, GJA, Writing (review and editing): YA, MCTBM, GJA, GFM.
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10841_2018_58_MOESM1_ESM.tiff
Supplementary Figure 1 Experimental design in the field. Grey dots represent the plots. Distance among the plots are 100 meter parallel to the line of water and 10 meters perpendicular in areas with 30 m width and 30 m in areas with 100 and 400 m width (TIFF 894 KB)
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de Araújo, G.J., Monteiro, G.F., Messias, M.C.T.B. et al. Restore it, and they will come: trap-nesting bee and wasp communities (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) are recovered by restoration of riparian forests. J Insect Conserv 22, 245–256 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-018-0058-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-018-0058-8