Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

School improvement through inspections? First empirical insights from Germany

  • Published:
Journal of Educational Change Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Since the late 1990s, broad discussions on education and educational quality have given impetus to the implementation of many new measures aimed at the improvement of schools in Germany. In this context, school inspections have been introduced in all 16 German federal states during the last 6 years. In the meantime, scientific research into the functioning of this steering instrument has begun. In this article, first empirical findings on the effects of school inspections in Germany are presented by drawing on a survey study with 468 principals of schools in the federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia that were externally evaluated during the years 2005 to 2008. Findings indicate that school inspection results are considered by a large group of stakeholders within schools and that they are discussed in different settings. In many schools, development measures have already been planned and implemented. Moreover, first effects are perceived in different fields. On the whole, findings agree with the results of two thematically related German studies but draw a less heterogeneous picture than the international research context.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Brimblecombe, N., Ormston, M., & Shaw, M. (1995). Teachers’ perceptions of school inspection: A stressful experience. Cambridge Journal of Education, 25, 53–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brimblecombe, N., Shaw, M., & Ormston, M. (1996). Teachers’ intention to change practice as a result of Ofsted school inspections. Educational Management Administration and Leadership, 24, 339–354.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brunsden, V., Davies, M., & Shevlin, M. (2006). Anxiety and stress in educational professionals in relation to Ofsted. Education Today, 56, 24–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, C. (2001). Changing classrooms through inspections. School Leadership and Management, 21, 59–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cuckle, P., & Broadhead, P. (1999). Effects of Ofsted inspection on school development. In C. Cullingford (Ed.), An inspector calls: Ofsted and its effects on school standards (pp. 176–187). London: Kogan Page.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cullingford, C., & Daniels, S. (1996, September). Inspecting Her Majesty’s inspectors: Should social science and social policy cohere? Paper presented at the European Conference on Educational Research, Seville, Spain.

  • de Wolf, I. F., & Janssens, F. J. G. (2007). Effects and side effects of inspections and accountability in education: An overview of empirical studies. Oxford Review of Education, 33, 379–396.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doebert, H., Ruerup, M., & Dedering, K. (2008). Externe Evaluation von Schulen in Deutschland: Die Konzepte der Bundeslaender, ihre Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede. In H. Doebert & K. Dedering (Eds.), Externe Evaluation von Schulen: Historische, rechtliche und vergleichende Aspekte (pp. 63–151). Münster, Germany: Waxmann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Earley, P. (Ed.). (1998). School improvement after inspection? School and LEA responses. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehren, M. C. M., & Visscher, A. J. (2008). The relationships between school and inspections, school characteristics and school improvement. British Journal of Educational Studies, 56, 205–227.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Education and Employment Committee. (1999). The work of Ofsted: Fourth report (Vol. 3). London: The Stationary Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferguson, N., Earley, P., Fidler, B., & Ouston, J. (2001). Improving schools and inspection: The self-inspecting school. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fidler, B., Earley, P., Ouston, J., & Davies, J. (1998). Teacher gradings and Ofsted inspections: Help or hindrance as a management tool? School Leadership and Management, 18, 257–270.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gaertner, H., Huesemann, D., & Pant, H. A. (2009). Wirkungen von Schulinspektion aus Sicht betroffener Schulleitungen. Die Brandenburger Schulleiterbefragung. Empirische Pädagogik, 23, 1–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray, J. (2002). Jolts and reactions: Two decades of feeding back value-added information on schools’ performance. In A. J. Visscher & R. Coe (Eds.), School improvement through performance feedback (pp. 143–162). Lisse, The Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray, J., & Gardner, J. (1999). The impact of school inspections. Oxford Review of Education, 25, 455–468.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gray, J., & Wilcox, B. (1995). In the aftermath of inspection: The nature and fate of inspection report recommendations. Research Papers in Education, 10, 1–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huber, F. (2008). Konsequenzen aus der externen Evaluation an Bayerns Schulen. In W. Boettcher, W. Bos, H. Doebert, & H. G. Holtappels (Eds.), Bildungsmonitoring und Bildungscontrolling in nationaler und internationaler Perspektive (pp. 265–268). Münster, Germany: Waxmann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inspectie van het Onderwijs. (2009). Toezichtkader PO/VO 2009: Versie 13 Juli 2009. Retrieved from Inspectie van het Onderwijs website: http://www.onderwijsinspectie.nl/binaries/content/assets/Actueel_publicaties/2009/Officieel+toezichtkader+2009+po_x002f_vo.pdf.

  • Key, T. (2007). School inspection in England: Evaluation, accountability and quality development. In W. Boettcher & H. G. Kotthoff (Eds.), Schulinspektion: Evaluation, Rechenschaftslegung und Qualitätsentwicklung (pp. 21–32). Münster, Germany: Waxmann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kogan, M., & Maden, M. (1999). An evaluation of evaluators: The Ofsted system of school inspection. In C. Cullingford (Ed.), An inspector calls: Ofsted and its effect on school standards (pp. 9–32). London: Kogan Page.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kotthoff, H. G. (2003). Bessere Schulen durch Evaluation? Internationale Erfahrungen. Münster, Germany: Waxmann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Learmonth, J. (2000). Inspection: What’s in it for schools?. London: RoutledgeFalmer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leeuw, F. L. (2002). Reciprocity and educational evaluations by European inspectorates: Assumptions and reality checks. Quality in Higher Education, 8, 137–150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matthews, P., & Sammons, P. (2004). Improvement through inspection: An evaluation of the impact of Ofsted’s work. London: Ofsted.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayring, P. (2008). Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse: Grundlagen und Techniken. Weinheim, Germany: Beltz.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ofsted. (2007). Review of the impact of inspection (Reference No. 070042). Manchester, UK: Ofsted Publications Centre.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ouston, J., & Davies, J. (1998). Ofsted and afterwards? Schools’ responses to inspection. In P. Earley (Ed.), School improvements after inspection? (pp. 13–24). London: Paul Chapman Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ouston, J., Fidler, B., & Earley, P. (1997). What do schools do after Ofsted school inspections–or before? School Leadership and Management, 17, 95–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ouston, J., & Klenowski, V. (1995). The Ofsted experience: The parents’ eye view. London: RISE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenthal, L. (2004). Do school inspections improve school quality? Ofsted inspections and school examination results in the UK. Economics of Education Review, 23, 143–151.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ruerup, M. (2008). Types of school inspection in the federal states of Germany. The German School, 100, 467–477.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scanlon, M. (1999). The impact of Ofsted inspections. Slough, UK: National Foundation for Educational Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheerens, J., & Bosker, R. J. (Eds.). (1997). The foundations of educational effectiveness. Oxford, UK: Pergamon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheerens, J., Glas, C. A. W., & Thomas, S. (Eds.). (2003). Educational evaluation, assessment, and monitoring: A systematic approach. Lisse, The Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, I., Newton, D. P., Aitkin, M., & Darnell, R. (2003). Do Ofsted inspections of secondary schools make a difference to GCSE results? British Educational Research Journal, 29, 63–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Standaert, R. (2001). Inspectorates of education in Europe: A critical analysis. Leuven, Belgium: Acco.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teddlie, C., & Reynolds, D. (Eds.). (1999). International handbook of school effectiveness research: An international survey of research on school effectiveness. London: Falmer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilcox, B., & Gray, J. (1996). Inspecting schools: Holding schools to account and helping schools to improve. Buckingham, UK: Open University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winkley, D. (1999). An examination of Ofsted. In C. Cullingford (Ed.), An inspector calls: Ofsted and its effects on school standards (pp. 31–58). London: Kogan Page.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kathrin Dedering.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Dedering, K., Müller, S. School improvement through inspections? First empirical insights from Germany. J Educ Change 12, 301–322 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10833-010-9151-9

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10833-010-9151-9

Keywords

Navigation