Skip to main content
Log in

Pramāas And Language: A Dispute between Dināga, Dharmakīrti and Akalaka

  • Published:
Journal of Indian Philosophy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  • A D = Auoga-ddārāi (Anuyoga-dvārāi). Muni Pu yavijaya, Dalsukh Mālva iā, Amritlāl Mohanlāl Bhojak (ed.): Nandi-sutta and Auoga-ddārāi. Jaina- Āgama-Series No.1, Shri Mahāvra Jaina Vidyālaya, Bombay 1968.

  • ĀM = Samantabhadra: Āpta-mmāsā. (1) Pannālāl Jain (ed.): Āpta-mmāsā of Samantabhadra Svāmi, with two commentaries: Aa-śat of Bhaākalaka and Devāgama-vtti of Vasunandi. Sanātana Jaina Granthamālā 10(7), Kāś 1914. (2) Udayachandra Jain (ed., Hindi tr.): Tattvadipika. A Commentary with Introduction etc. on Āptamimansa of Acharya Samantabhadra. ŚrGaneś VarDigambar Jain Sasthān, Kāś Vr-Sa. 2501 [ = 1982]. (3) Nagin Shah (ed., tr.): Samantabhadra’s Āpta-mmāsā. Critique of an Authority [Along with English Translation, Introduction, Notes and Akalaka’s Sanskrit Commentary Aaśat]. Sanskrit- Sanskriti Grantha-mālā 7, Ahmedabad 1999. (4) Saratchandra Ghoshal (ed., tr.): Āpta-mmāsā of Āchārya Samantabhadra. Edited with Introduction, Translation, Notes and An Original Commentary in English. Bharatiya Jnanpith, Delhi 2002.

  • AŚ = Akalaka: Aa-śat. See: (1) ĀM1, (3) ĀM3 and (4) AS.

  • AS = Vidyānanda Pātrakesarisvāmin: Aa-sahasr . Vaśdhar (ed.): Aa-sahasrtarkika-cakra-cā-mai-syādvāda-vidyāpatinā śr-Vidyānanda-svāminā nirākta. Nirayasāgara Press, Bombay 1915.

  • Balcerowicz, P. (1999). ‘How could a cow be both synchronically and diachronically homogenous, or on the Jaina notions of tiryak-sāmānya and rdhvatā-sāmānya’, in: WAGLE–QVARNSTRÖM (1999: 211–237).

  • Balcerowicz, P. (2001a). Jaina Epistemology in Historical and Comparative Perspective. Critical Edition and English Translation of Logical-Epistemological Treatises: Nyāyâvatāra, Nyāyâvatāra-vivti and Nyāyâvatāra-ippana with Introduction and Notes. 1–2 Vols., Alt- und Neu-Indische Studien 53, 1–2, Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2001.

  • Balcerowicz, P. (2001b). ‘Two Siddhasenas and the Authorship of the Nyāyâvatāra and the Samati-tarka-prakaraa’, Journal of Indian Philosophy 29/3 (2001) 351–378.

    Google Scholar 

  • Balcerowicz, P. (2003). Dinizm. Staro ytna religia Indii. Historia, rytuał, literatura. Wydawnictwo Akademickie DIALOG, Warszawa 2003.

  • van Bijlert, V. A. (1989). Epistemology and Spiritual Authority. The Development of Epistemology and Logic in the Old Nyāyā and the Buddhist School of Epistemology with an Annotated Translation of Dharmakrti’s Pramāavārttika II (Pramāasiddhi) vv. 1–7. WSTBK 20, Wien 1989.

  • CarS = Caraka-sahitā. Vaidya Jādavaji Trikamji Áchārya (ed.): The Charakasa hitā of Agniveśa. Revised by Charaka and Didhabala. With the Āyurveda- Dpikā Commentary of Chakrapāidatta. 3rd ed., Niraya-sāgara Pres, Bombay 1941 [reprinted: Munishiram Manoharlal Publishers, New Delhi 1981].

  • DNC = Mallavādin Kamāśrama a: Dvādaśâra-naya-cakra. Dvādaśāra Nayacakra of Ácārya Śr Mallavād Kamāśramaa. With the commentary Nyāyāgamānusāri of ācārya śr Sihasri Gai Vādi Kamāśramaa. Ed. with critical notes by Muni Jambvijayaj. Pt. I (1–4 Aras): Bhavnagar 1966 [reprinted: Bhāvnagar 2000]; Pt. II (5–8 Aras): Bhavnagar 1976; Pt. III (9–12 Aras): Bhavnagar 1988.

  • DNCV = Siha-sri: Nyāyâgamânusāri i Dvādaśâra-naya-cakra-vtti. See: DNC.

  • Dreyfus, Georges B.J. (1997). Recognizing Reality. Dharmakrti’s Philosophy and Its Tibetan Interpretations. State University of New York Press, Albany 1997.

  • Franco, E. (1986). ‘Once again on Dharmakrti’s Deviation from Dignāga on Pratyak ābhāsa’, Journal of Indian Philosophy 14 (1986) 79–97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frauwallner, E. (1959). ‘Dignāga, sein Werk und seine Entwicklung.’ Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde Süd- und Ostasiens 3 (1959) 83–164.

  • Hattori, M. (1968). Dignāga, On Perception, being the Pratyaka-pariccheda of Dignāga’s Pramāa-samuccaya, Edition of Tibetan translations and the Sanskrit text as well as the English translation of the Chapter I. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts 1968.

  • Hayes, R. P. (1988). Dignāga on the Interpretation of Signs. Studies of Classical India 9, Kluwer Academic Press, Dordrecht 1988.

  • Herzberger, R. (1986). Bharthari and the Buddhists. Studies of Classical India 8, D. Reidel Publishing Company (Kluwer Academic Publishers), Dordrecht 1986.

  • LT = Akalaka: Laghyas-traya. (1) Mahendra Kumār Nyāya Śāstri (ed.): Nyāyakumuda- candra of Śrmat Prabhācandrācārya. A Commentary on Bhat ākalakadeva’s Laghyastraya. 2 Vols., Sri Garib Dass Oriental Series 121, Delhi 1991. [1. ed.: Bombay 1938–1942]. (2) Nyāyâcarya Mahendra Pa ita Kumār Śāstri (ed.): Śrmad-Bhaâkalaka-deva-viracitam Akalaka-grantha-trayam [Svopaja-vivti-sahitam Laghyas-trayam, Nyāya-viniścayah , Pramāasa _ ngrahaś ca]. Sarasvat Pustak Bhaār, Ahmadābād 1996. [1. ed.: Ahmedabad– Calcutta 1939].

  • LTV = Akalaka: Laghyas-traya-vivti. See: LT.

  • NA = Siddhasena Mahāmati: Nyāyāvatāra. See: BALCEROWICZ (2001a).

  • NaS = Nadi-sutta / Nad-sutta [Nandi-stra / Nand-stra]. Muni Pu yavijaya, Dalsukh Mālva iā, Amritlāl Mohanlāl Bhojak (ed.): Nandi-sutta and Auogadd ārāi. Jaina- Āgama-Series No.1, Shri Mahāvra Jaina Vidyālaya, Bombay 1968.

  • NAV = Siddhari-ga in: Nyāyāvatāra-vivti. See: BALCEROWICZ (2001a).

  • NB = Dharmakrti: Nyāya-bindu. See: DhPr.

  • NSā = Bhāsarvaj a: Nyāya-sāra. See: NBh.

  • NBh = Bhāsarvaja: Nyāya-bhaa. Svām Yogndrānanda (ed.): Śrmad-ācārya- Bhāsarvaja-pratasya Nyāya-sārasya sv^opaja vyākhyāna Nyāya-bhaam. ad-darśana-prakāśana-grantha-mālā 1, Vārā as 1968.

  • NM = Dignāga: Nyāya-mukha. Giuseppe Tucci: The Nyāya-mukha of Dignāga. The oldest Buddhist Text on Logic, after Chinese and Tibetan Materials. Heidelberg 1930.

  • NMa = Jayanta-bhaa: Nyāya-majar . Gaurinath Sastri (ed.): Nyāyamajar of Jayanta Bhaa with the Commentary of Granthi-bhaga by Cakradhara. Part 1–3, M.M. Śivakumāraśāstri-Granthamālā 5: Sampr ānand Saskta Viśvavidyālaya, Vārāas 1982, 1983, 1984.

  • NVi = Akalaka Bha a: Nyāya-viniścaya. (1) Nyāyâcarya Mahendra Pa d @ ita Kumār Śāstri (ed.): Śrmad-Bhaâkalaka-deva-viracitam Akalaka-grantha-trayam [Sv^opaja-vivti-sahitam Laghyas-trayam, Nyāya-viniścayah@ , Pramāasagrahaś ca]. Sarasvat Pustak Bha d @ ār, Ahmadābād 1996. [1. ed.: Ahmedabad–Calcutta 1939]. (2) Mahendra Kumar Jain (ed.): Nyāyaviniścaya- vivaraa of Śr Vādirāja Sri, the Sanskrit Commentary on Bhaa Akalakadeva’s Nyāyaviniścaya. Vol. 1 & 2, Bhāratya Jānap ha Prakāśana, Vārā as 1949, 1955 [2nd edition: Bhāratya J~nānapha Prakāśana, Delhi 2000].

  • NViV = Vādirāja-sri: Nyāya-viniścaya-vivaraa. See: NVi2.

  • PBh = Praśastapāda: Praśastapāda-bhāya (Padârtha-dharma-sagraha). Johannes Bronkhorst, Yves Ramseier (ed.): Word index to the Praśastapādabhāya: a complete word index to the printed editions of the Praśastapādabhāya. Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi 1994.

  • RANDLE 1926 = Randle, H. N.: Fragments from Dignāga. Prize Publication Fund, Royal Asiatic Society, London 1926 [reprinted: Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi 1981].

  • DhPr = Durveka Miśra: Dharmottara-pradpa. Pt. Dalsukhbhai Malvania (ed.): Pad @ita Durveka Miśra’s Dharmottara-pradpa [being a subcommentary on Dharmottara’s Nyāya-bindu-kā, a commentary on Dharmakrti’s Nyāya-bindu]. Kashi Prasad Jayaswal Research Institute, Patna 1955 [reprinted: 1971].

  • NKC = Prabhācandra-sri: Nyāya-kumuda-candra. See: LT1.

  • PM = Hemacandra-sri: Pramāa-mm msā. (1) Sukhlalji Sanghavi, Mahendra Kumar and Dalsukh Malvaniya (ed.): Kavikālasarvaja- Śr-Hemacandrâcārya-viracit ā svopaja-vtti-sahitā Pramāa Mmāsā [with Bhāā Tippaa of Pandita Sukhlalji Sanghvi]. SPBh 1998. (2) Satkari Mookerjee and Nathmal Tatia (ed.):Hemacandra’s Pramāa-mmāsā. Text and Translation with Critical Notes. Tara Publications, Varanasi 1970.

  • PS = Dināga: Pramāa-samuccaya. (1) See: HATTORI (1968). (2) Hidenori Kitagawa (ed.): Indo koten ronrigaku no kenky: Jinna (Dignāga) no taikei. Suzuki Gakujutsu Zaidan, Tokyo 1965. (3) In: DNC (Muni Jambvijayaj), Pt. I, pp. 97–134.

  • PSa = Akalaka: Pramāa-sagraha. See: LT2 (pp. 97–127).

  • PSaV = Akalaka: Pramāa-sagraha-vivti. See: LT2 (pp. 97–127).

  • PSV = Dināga: Pramāa-samuccaya-vtti. See: PS.

  • PV = Dharmakrti:Pramāa-vārttika. Rāhula Sāktyāyana (ed.): Pramāavārttikam Ācārya-Manorathanandi-ktayā vttyā savalitam [Dharmakrti’s Pramāavārttikam with a commentary by Manorathanandin]. Parts I–II, Appendix to Journal of the Bihar and Orissa Research Society 24–26, Patna 1938–1940.

  • PVA = Prajākaragupta: Pramāa-vārttikâlakāra. Rāhula Sāktyāyana (ed.): Pramāavārttikabhāyam or Vārtikālakārah of Prajākaragupta. (Being a commentary on Dharmakrti’s Pramāavārtikam). Kashi Prasad Jayaswal Research Institute, Patna 1953.

  • PVin II = Dharmakrti: Pramāa-viniścaya, chapter II (svârthânumāna). Ernst Steinkellner: Dharmakrti’s Pramāaviniścayah , 2. Kapitel: Svārthānumānam. (1) Teil I. Tibetischer Text und Sanskrittexte. Veröentlichungen der Kommission für Sprachen und Kulturen Südasiens, österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Heft 12, Wien 1973. (2) Teil II. übersetzt von E. Steinkellner. Veröentlichungen der Kommission für Sprachen und Kulturen Südasiens, österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Heft 15, Wien 1979.

  • ŚBh = Śabarasvāmin: Mmāsā-śābara-bhāya. Yudhi hira Mmāsaka (ed.): Mmāsā-śābara-bhāyam. Vols. 1–6, Śr Śāntisvarp Kapr, Rāmalāl Kapr Trust Press, Bahālgah Son pat–Haryā ā I: 1987, II: 1990, III: 1980, IV: 1985, V: 1986, VI: 1990.

  • Singh, A. (1984). The Heart of Buddhist Philosophy–Dināga and Dharmakrti. Munishiram Manoharlal Publishers, New Delhi 1984.

  • PNTĀA = Vādideva-sri: Pramāa-naya-tattvâlokâlakāra. See: SVR.

  • RVār = Akalaka: Tattvârtha-vārttika (Rāja-vārttika). Mahendra Kumar Jain (ed.): Tattvārtha-vārttika [Rāja-vārttika] of Śr Akalakadeva. Edited with Hindi Translation, Introduction, appendices, variant readings, comparative notes etc. Parts I–II. First edition, Jānapha Mrtidev Jaina Grantha-mālā 10, 20 [Sanskrit Grantha], Bhāratya Jānapha Prakāśana, Delhi 1953–1957. [2. ed.: Delhi 1982].

  • SSi = Pjyapāda Devanandin: Sarvârtha-siddhi. Phoolchandra Shastri (ed.): ācārya Pjyapāda’s Sarvārthasiddhi [The commentary on Ācārya Griddhapiccha’s Tattvārtha-stra]. Edited and translated [into Hindi]. Varanasi 1934 [reprinted: Jānapha Mrtidev Jaina Grantha-mālā 13, Bhāratya J~nānapha Prakāāna, Delhi 2000].

  • SVR = Vādideva-sri: Syād-vāda-ratnâkara. Motlāl Lālāj (ed.): Śrmad-Vādidevas ri-viracitah Pramāa-naya-tattvâlokâlakārah tad-vyākhyā ca Syād-vādaratnâkarah . 5 Vols., Poona 1926–1930 [reprinted: 2 Vols., Bhāratya Buk Kārporeśan, Dill (Delhi) 1988].

  • SVi = Akalaka Bha a: Siddhi-viniścaya. Mahendrakumār Jain (ed.): Siddhi-viniścaya of Akalaka edited with the commentary Siddhi-viniścaya-kā of Anantav rya. 2 Vols. BhJP, V 1959.

  • SVi = Anantavrya: Siddhi-viniścaya-kā. See: SVi.

  • SViV = Akalaka Bha a: Siddhi-viniścaya-vivti. See: SVi.

  • STP = Siddhasena Divākara: Samati-tarka-prakaraa. (1) Sukhlāl Saghavi; Becardās Dośi (ed.): Samatitarka-prakaraam by Siddhasena Divākara with Abhayadevasri’s Tattva-bodha-vidhāyin . Gujarāt-purā-tattva-mandir-granthāval 10, 16, 18, 19, 21, Gujarāt-purā-tattva-mandir, Amdāvād 1924–1931 [reprinted: 2 Vols., Rinsen Buddhist Text Series VI–1, 2; Kyoto 1984].

  • TBh = Umāsvāti: Tattvârthâdhigama-bhāya. See: TS and T .

  • TBV = Abhayadeva-sri: Tattva-bodha-vidhāyin . See: STP.

  • Thā = hāaga-sutta [Sthānâga-stra]. Muni Jambuvijaya (ed.): hānagasuttam and Samavāyagasuttam. Jaina- Āgama-Series 3, Shri Mahāv ra Jaina Vidyālaya, Bombay 1985.

  • TS = Umāsvāmin: Tattvârtha-stra. M.K. Mody (ed.): Tattvārthādhigama by Umāsvāti being in the Original Sanskrit with the Bhāya by the author himself. Bibliotheca Indica 1044, 1079, 1118, Calcutta 1903, 1904, 1905.

  • TśVA = Vidyānanda Pātrakesarisvāmin: Tattvārtha-śloka-vārtikālakara. Edited by Manoharalāl, Ramacandra Nātha Rangaji, Nirāya Sāgara Press, Bombay 1918.

  • T = Siddhasena-gain: Tattvârthâdhigama-kā. Hrālāl Rasikdās Kapadia (ed.): Tattvārthādhigamastra (A Treatise on the Fundamental Principles of Jainism) by His Holiness Śr Umāsvāti Vāchaka, together with His connective verses commented upon by śr Devaguptasri & Śr Siddhasenagai and His own gloss elucidated by śr Siddhasenagai, edited with Introduction in English and Sanskrit. 2 Vols., Sheth Devchand Lalbhai Jain Pustakoddhar Fund Series Nos. 67 and 76, Bombay 1926 (Part I: Chapters I–V), 1930 (Part II: Chapters VI–X).

  • Vetter, T. (1964). Erkenntnisprobleme bei Dharmakirti, Veröentlichungen der Kommission für Sprachen und Kulturen Süd- und Ostasiens Heft 1, österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien 1964.

  • Viy = Bechardas J. Doshi; Amritlal Mohanlal Bhojak (ed.): Viyāhapaattisutta. 3 parts, Jaina- Āgama-Series No. 4 Part I/II, Shri Mahāvra Jaina Vidyālaya, Bombay 1974–1982.

  • VP = Bharthari: Vākya-padya. Wilhelm Rau: Bhartharis Vākyapadya. Die Mlakārikās nach den Handschriften herausgegeben und mit einem Pāda-Index versehen. Abhandlungen für die Kunde des Morgenlandes XLII, 4. Franz Steiner Verlag, Wiesbaden 1977.

  • VSV = Candrānanda: Vaiśeika-stra-vtti. Muni Jambuvijaya (ed.): Vaiśeikastra of Ka āda with the Commentary of Candrānanda. With the Introduction by Anantalal Thakur. Gaekwad’s Oriental Series 136, Oriental Institute, Baroda 1961.

  • Wagle, N.K.; Qvarnström, O. (1999). (ed.): Approaches to Jaina Studies: Philosophy, Logic, Rituals and Symbols. [Proceedings of the International Conference on Approaches to Jaina Studies: Philosophy, Logic, Rituals and Symbols, 31.03– 2.04.1995 Toronto], Toronto 1999.

  • Wayman, A. (1978). ‘A Reconsideration of Dharmakrti’s ‘‘Deviation’’ from Dignāga on Pratyak ābhāsa,’ Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Diamond Jubilee Volume (1978) 387–396.

  • YS = Pata~njali: Yoga-stra. Polakam Sri Rama Sastri and S.R. Krishnamurthi Sastri (ed.): Pātā~njala-yogastra-bhāya Vivaraam of Śakara-bhagavatpāda. Government Orientla Manuscripts Library, Madras 1952.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

The present paper is a part of my research subsidised by the Alexander von Humboldt-Sgiftung.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Balcerowicz, P. Pramāas And Language: A Dispute between Dināga, Dharmakīrti and Akalaka. J Indian Philos 33, 343–400 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10781-004-6673-6

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10781-004-6673-6

Navigation