Phase transition and proton exchange in 1,3-diazinium hydrogen chloranilate monohydrate

Abstract

In the hydrate crystal of 1:1 salt with 1,3-diazine and chloranilic acid (H₂ca), (1,3-diazineH)·H₂O·Hca, an unique hydrogen-bonded molecular aggregate is formed. There exists proton disorder in the N–H...O hydrogen bond between 1,3-diazinium ion and water (H₂O) of crystallization. In order to reveal dynamic aspect of this disorder, ³⁵Cl NQR measurements were conducted. Two resonance lines observed at 35.973 and 35.449 MHz at 321 K split into four lines below T _c = 198 K clearly showing occurrence of a solid–solid phase transition; 36.565, 36.357, 36.011, 35.974 MHz at 77 K. Temperature dependence of spin-lattice relaxation time T ₁ in high-temperature phase was observed to obey an Arrhenius-type relation with the activation energy of 8.5 kJ mol^− 1. This result leads to the conclusion that proton exchange in the N–H...O hydrogen bond takes place in the high-temperature phase. Specific heat measurements by DSC resulted in the transition entropy ΔS = 1.3 J K^− 1 per 1 mole [(1,3-diazineH)·H₂O·Hca]₂ which is far less than 2R ln2 = 11.5 J K^− 1 mol^− 1. It is expected that proton exchange in the two hydrogen bonds within the aggregate does not occur independently but concertedly with strong correlation in the high-temperature phase.