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Wheat artificial amphiploids involving the Triticum timopheevii genome: their studies, preservation and reproduction

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Abstract

The effective utilisation of available genetic resources of related species is essential for successful crops breeding and maintaining genetic variability within crops. Bread wheat, the basic cultivated wheat species, is an amphiploid (2n = 6x = 42) and, therefore, the production of new synthetic amphiploids using genomes of related species should reduce the difficulties caused by direct crossings, for example, between hexaploid wheat and diploid relatives. Hence, exploiting synthetic amphiploids is an effective and rapid way of introgressing desirable traits from related species into cultivated wheats. Some of the artificial amphiploids that already exist were produced 80 years ago. Yet little work has been done to highlight potential contamination and/or genetic changes during their conservation by genebanks. Thus, we utilised the electrophoresis of wheat endosperm storage proteins (gliadins) to check such amphiploid authenticity, and also where differences had been previously observed between synthetic wheat amphiploids. In addition, we checked putative amphiploid accessions where Triticum timopheevii (GGAtAt) was recorded as one of the parents. A synthetic species, T. timococcum produced by Kostov, together with a natural T. zhukovskyi found in Georgia (the former Soviet Union) were revealed to be identical according to our assays. The existence of several T. kiharae accessions independently produced by different authors was confirmed, and they exhibited polymorphism for a number of traits, including spike characters (awning, hairy glumes) and growth habit (spring vs. winter). The effective conservation of artificial amphiploids in genebanks is discussed.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Dr. H. Bockelman (the National Small Grains Collection, Aberdeen, USA) and Drs. O.P. Mitrofanova and N.A.Anfilova (N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Industry, St-Petersburg, Russia) for supplying seeds of a few amphiploids. The research was partially financed on the Subprogram II of Basic Research Program No 25 of the Russian Academy of Sciences “The Origin and Evolution of Biosphere”.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Lavrentiev ave.10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia

    N. P. Goncharov & S. V. Bannikova

  2. Plant Germ-plasm Institute, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Mozume, Muko, 617-0001, Kyoto, Japan

    T. Kawahara

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  1. N. P. Goncharov
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  2. S. V. Bannikova
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  3. T. Kawahara
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Correspondence to N. P. Goncharov.

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Goncharov, N.P., Bannikova, S.V. & Kawahara, T. Wheat artificial amphiploids involving the Triticum timopheevii genome: their studies, preservation and reproduction. Genet Resour Crop Evol 54, 1507–1516 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-006-9141-1

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