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Lead removal from water using carboxycellulose nanofibers prepared by nitro-oxidation method

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Abstract

Carboxycellulose nanofibers were extracted from untreated jute using a simple nitro-oxidation method based on nitric acid/sodium nitrite. The characteristics of nitro-oxidized carboxycellulose nanofibers (NOCNF) with low crystallinity (35%), high carboxylate content (1.15 mmol/g) and high surface charge (− 70 mV) made them an excellent substrate for Pb(II) ion removal from water. For example, a low concentration of NOCNF suspension (0.23 wt%) could remove a wide range of Pb(II) ions ranging from 50 to 5000 ppm in a short time-interval (< 5 min) at room temperature and pH ~ 7, where the adsorption efficiency of NOCNF was found to be 2270 mg/g based on the Langmuir isotherm analysis. The high removal efficiency of NOCNF was due to the combined effects of adsorption (dominated at Pb(II) concentration ≤ 1000 ppm) and mineralization of lead hydroxide (Pb(OH)2) crystals at high Pb(II) concentration (> 1000 ppm). Evidence of nanoscale lead hydroxide crystallization, induced by the lead(II)-NOCNF aggregated scaffold, was confirmed by FTIR, UV–visible spectroscopy, SEM/EDS, WAXD and TEM measurements.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the SusChEM Program of the National Science Foundation (DMR-1409507) and a grant from Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI-77846) for financial support. In addition, the authors would like to thank Susan von Horn (iLab-Stony Brook University, USA), Dr. Chung-Chueh Chang and Ya-Chen Chuang (ThINC facility at AERTC, Stony Brook University, USA) for conducting the TEM measurement, Dr. Jim Quinn (Materials Science and Engineering, Stony Brook University) for SEM analysis, and Dr. David Hirschberg (SoMAS, Stony Brook University) for conducting ICP-MS measurements.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3400, USA

    Priyanka R. Sharma, Chengbo Zhan, Sunil K. Sharma, Lihong Geng & Benjamin S. Hsiao

  2. University High School, Irvine, CA, 92612, USA

    Aurnov Chattopadhyay

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  1. Priyanka R. Sharma
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  2. Aurnov Chattopadhyay
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  4. Sunil K. Sharma
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Correspondence to Benjamin S. Hsiao.

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Sharma, P.R., Chattopadhyay, A., Zhan, C. et al. Lead removal from water using carboxycellulose nanofibers prepared by nitro-oxidation method. Cellulose 25, 1961–1973 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-018-1659-9

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