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The association between chronic renal failure and renal cell carcinoma may differ between black and white Americans

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Abstract

Purpose

In the United States, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) incidence is higher among blacks than among whites. Risk of RCC is elevated among end-stage renal disease patients, although no studies have looked at differences by race in the relationship between chronic renal failure and RCC.

Methods

We investigated RCC risk in relation to chronic renal failure in a population-based case–control study of blacks and whites in Chicago and Detroit. Data, including information on kidney disease, were collected from interviews with 1,217 RCC cases (361 blacks, 856 whites) and 1,235 controls (523 blacks, 712 whites). Odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression.

Results

Risk of RCC was increased in relation to chronic renal failure (OR 4.7, 95 % CI 2.2–10.1) and dialysis (OR 18.0, 95 % CI 3.6–91). The association remained after defining exposure as those who had chronic renal failure ≥10 years prior to RCC diagnosis. Chronic renal failure was more strongly associated with RCC among blacks than among whites (OR 8.7, 95 % CI 3.3–22.9 and 2.0, 0.7–5.6, respectively; p interaction = 0.03) and among those without a history of diabetes relative to diabetic subjects (OR 8.3, 95 % CI 3.1–22.7 and 1.9, 0.6–5.9, respectively; p interaction = 0.03).

Conclusions

These results suggest that chronic renal failure is a strong risk factor for RCC, particularly among black and non-diabetic subjects. Our findings of differences in risk estimates by race, to our knowledge the first such report, require replication.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics. The authors thank Faith Davis and other staff in the Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago for their contributions to data collection, as well as Kate Torres, Marsha Dunn, and other staff at Westat, Inc. and Stella Munuo and other staff at Information Management Services, Inc. for their efforts on this project. Finally, the authors express their gratitude to the participants in this study for their involvement.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 6120 Executive Blvd, Bethesda, MD, 20892-7240, USA

    Jonathan N. Hofmann, Sara Karami, Nathaniel Rothman, Joanne S. Colt & Mark P. Purdue

  2. Departments of Oncology and Family Medicine, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA

    Kendra Schwartz & Julie J. Ruterbusch

  3. Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Wong-Ho Chow

  4. Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Brian M. Shuch

  5. Population Studies and Disparities Research, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA

    Kendra Schwartz & Julie J. Ruterbusch

  6. Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 6120 Executive Blvd, Bethesda, MD, 20892-7240, USA

    Sholom Wacholder & Barry I. Graubard

Authors
  1. Jonathan N. Hofmann
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  2. Kendra Schwartz
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  3. Wong-Ho Chow
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  4. Julie J. Ruterbusch
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  5. Brian M. Shuch
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  6. Sara Karami
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  7. Nathaniel Rothman
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  8. Sholom Wacholder
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  9. Barry I. Graubard
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  10. Joanne S. Colt
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  11. Mark P. Purdue
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jonathan N. Hofmann.

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Hofmann, J.N., Schwartz, K., Chow, WH. et al. The association between chronic renal failure and renal cell carcinoma may differ between black and white Americans. Cancer Causes Control 24, 167–174 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-012-0102-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-012-0102-z

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