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Biogeography of testate amoebae in the soils of Mexico

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Abstract

We studied testate amoebae (testates) in the soils of coniferous and deciduous forests and in the wetland and aquatic habitats of Mexico. In 141 samples we found 205 taxa identified to the species or intraspecies level and 68 testate amoebae, which could not be identified to the species level. The highest species diversity of testates was found in the soils of the tropical rainforest (126 species and intraspecific taxa, including spp.) and in tropical wetlands (144 species and intraspecific taxa, including spp.). The study documented testate amoebae with a limited geographical distribution (genera Centropyxis, Cornuapyxis, Ellipsopyxis, Hoogenraadia, Planhoogenraadia, Apolimia, Certesella, Apodera, and Alocodera). We found that testate amoebae in the soils of Mexico had a high level of polymorphism and individual variability. We discuss the value of soil testate amoebae for defining biogeographical regions of Mexico.

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Notes

  1. A complete list of all the species and intraspecific taxa is also available at http://istar.wikidot.com/checklists.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank for the financial support the PAPIIT fund (Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica—The Program for the Supports of Research and Technological Innovation Projects) of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), project No. IN104807. Partial financial support came also from the RFBR (Russian Foundation for Basic Research) project No 11-04-01171-a. Also the authors express their gratitude to the co-workers from the Faculty of Sciences of the UNAM who took part in the field and laboratory research: E. Fuentes-Romero, D.E. Servín-Ruíz, R. Ramos-Bello, M. del. C. Galicia-Palacios and other colleagues who helped this study at various stages. S. Yazvenko (LGL Limited, Canada) edited English translation and provided valuable comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Soil Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1–12, 119992, Moscow, Russia

    Anatoly Bobrov

  2. Eurasian Center for Food Security, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1–12, 119992, Moscow, Russia

    Pavel Krasilnikov

  3. Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushkinskaya Str., 11, 185910, Petrozavodsk, Russia

    Pavel Krasilnikov

  4. Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, CP 76230, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico

    Norma Eugenia García-Calderón

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Correspondence to Anatoly Bobrov.

Appendix

Appendix

List of species of testates found in the soils of Mexico

Figures before sp. mean the number of cells not identified to the species level; in brackets there are the numbers of the study sites where the species have been detected. 1 Los Tuxtlas, 2 Sierra Juárez, 3 San Agustín, 4 Yerba Buena, 5 Opopeo, 6 San Juan del Estado, 7 Pantanos de Centla, 8 Casitas; 9 freshwater lake Encantada (Los Tuxtlas).

Arcella arenaria (1, 2), A. arenaria v. compressa (1, 2, 4–7, 9), A. discoides (7, 8), A. gibbosa (7, 8), A. cf. infraterricola (7), A. megastoma (7–9), A. rotundata (1, 7, 8), A. rotundata v. aplanata (7–9), A. rotundata v. stenostoma (7, 8), A. vulgaris (1, 7, 8), A. vulgaris v. crenulata (7, 8), A. vulgaris v. wailesi (7, 8), A. sp. (1, 5–8), Trigonopyxis arcula (1–3, 6), T. arcula v. major (2), T. microstoma (2), Bullinularia devexa (1), B. gracilis (1), Centropyxis aculeata (1, 2, 5–9), C. aculeata v. minima (7, 9), C. acuminata (1, 7), C. aerophila (1–9), C. aerophila v. grandis (1, 6, 7), C. aerophila v. minuta (7, 9), C. aerophila v. sphagnicola (5, 6), C. cassis (1, 2 5–8), C. constricta (1–4, 6–8), C. constricta v. minima (1, 3–7), C. decloitrella (7–9), C. cf. deflandrei (1, 7, 8), C. delicatula (7), C. discoides (1, 5–9), C. discoides v. grande (2, 9), C. discoides f. minor (7), C. ecornis (1, 7–9), C. ecornis (7, 8), C. ecornis v. minuta (2, 9), C. ecornis v. paradoxa (1, 7), C. elongata (1–9), C. cf. elongata (7), C. gibbosa (7), C. laevigata (1), C. latideflandriana (3), C. minuta (1, 7, 8), C. cf. mirabilis (7), C. orbicularis (5, 6), C. plagiostoma (1, 3–7), C. plagiostoma f. major (3, 4), C. plagiostoma f. minor (1, 7), C. platystoma (7), C. stenodeflandriana (1–3), C. spinosa (7), C. sylvatica (1–7, 9), C. sylvatica v. microstoma (5, 6), C. sylvatica v. minor (1, 6, 7), C. sylvatica f. major (2, 7), C. 11 sp. (1–9), Cornuapyxis lunaristoma (1, 2, 7, 8), Eliipsopyxis pauliani (6, 7), E. sp. (1), Cyclopyxis arcelloides (1, 7, 8), C. eurystoma (1, 2, 5–8), C. eurystoma v. parvula (1–9), C. kahli (1–9), C. cf. grospietschi (1), C. intermedia (1, 7, 8), C. lithostoma (1), C. plana (1, 7), C. plana v. microstoma (1), C. puteus (1, 3), C. 9 sp. (1–9), Pseudoawerintzewia orbistoma (7, 8), Schwabia cf. robustus (1), Lamptopyxis cassagnaui (1), Plagiopyxis barrosi (1, 7, 9), P. bathystoma (1–3, 7), P. callida (1, 5–8), P. declivis (1, 4, 7), P. declivis v. oblonga (1, 6–8), P. intermedia (1,2), P. intermedia f. oblonga (1), P. labiata (5, 6), P. longicallida (1, 7), P. minuta (1, 3, 6–9), P. minuta v. oblonga (1, 3, 5–9), P. parvooblonga (7), P. penardi (1, 3–9), P. penardi v. oblonga (1, 6–8), P. 3 sp. (1, 3, 5–7), Hoogenraadia cryptostoma (7, 8), Planhoogenraadia acuta (1, 7, 8), P. alta (8), P. asturica (1), P. elegans (1), P. gracilis (1), P. media (1, 7, 8), P. 2 sp. (1, 4, 7, 8), Heleopera petricola (1, 2, 6), H. petricola v. amethystea (1, 3, 7), H. petricola v. humicola (1, 2, 5–7), H. petricola v. major (3), H. rectangularis (1), H. rosea (7), H. sylvatica (1–3,), H. 3 sp. (1, 2, 9), Hyalosphenia minuta (5, 6), H. insecta (1), H. subflava (1–3), H. subflava forma major (1–3,), H. subflava forma minor (2, 3), Nebela bohemica (2), N. carinata (2), N. collaris (1), N. flabellum (2), N. gracilis (2, 3. 5, 6), N. lageniformis (1, 5, 6), N. minor (1, 2), N. parvula (2), N. tincta (1, 2, 6), N. tincta f. stenostoma (2), N. wailesi (1, 2), N. 6 sp. (1, 2, 8), Certesella certesi (2), C. martiali (1), C. sp. (1), Apodera vas (2), Argynnia caudata (2), A. teres (2), Apolimia 2 sp. (1, 7, 8), Schoenbornia humicola (1, 7, 8), Sch. viscicula (5, 6), Difflugia claviformis (7, 8), D. corona v. ecornis (7, 8), D. cratera (7), D. difficilis (7), D. gassowski (1), D. gramen (7, 8), D. globularis (7, 8), D. globulosa (7, 8), D. globulus (1, 2, 6–9), D. gramen (7, 8), D. labiosa (7, 8), D. lebes (7, 8), D. cf. levanderi (7, 8), D. limnetica (7, 8), D. linearis (7, 8), D. litophila (), D. lobostoma (1, 7, 8), D. lucida (1, 5, 6), D. masaruzii (7, 8), D. microstoma (7, 8), D. minuta (7), D. nana (7, 8), D. oblonga (1, 7), D. oblonga v. angusticollis (7, 8), D. penardi (2, 5–8), D. pristis (7), D. pyriformis (7, 8), D. cf. schurmanni (7, 8), D. serrata (7), D. ventricosa (7, 8), D. sp. (2, 7), Netzelia oviformis (7), N. tuberculata (7, 8, 9), N. wailesi (7, 8), Pontigulasia compressoidea (1), Lagenodifflugia vas (2), Phryganella acropodia (1–9), Ph. acropodia v. australica (7, 8), Quadrulella symmetrica (1, 3, 5, 6), Q. symmetrica v. longicollis f. lanceolata (1, 3), Q. elegans (1), Q. elongata (9), Q. 2 sp. (6), Cyphoderia ampulla (9), Lesquereusia longicollis v. depressa (9), Assulina muscorum (2, 3, 5–7), A. sp. (5, 6), Valkanovia delicatula (2, 5, 6), V. elegans (2, 5, 6), Tracheleuglypha acolla (1, 5–9), T. acolla f. elongata (7), T. acolla f. retorta (7), T. dentata (2, 3, 5, 6), T. sp. (1, 7), Euglypha acantophora (7–9), E. anadonta (2, 5, 6), E. ciliata (2, 5, 6), E. ciliata f. glabra (1, 2, 5, 6, 9), E. compressa (2–8, 9), E. compressa f. glabra (1, 5, 6, 9), E. cristata (1, 7, 9), E. cristata f. decora (2, 5–7), E. cuspidata (1, 4–9), E. dolioliformis (1, 3, 5, 6, 9), E. filifera (7–9), E. filifera v. pyriformis (1), E. laevis (1–9), E. laevis v. lanceolata (2. 7, 8), E. polylepis (1, 7), E. strigosa (2, 5, 6), E. strigosa f. glabra (3, 5, 6), E. strigosa v. muscorum (5, 6), E. tuberculata (7–9), E. 2 spp. (1, 2, 5, 6, 9), Placocista spinosa (2), P. lens (2), Sphenoderia lenta (2), S. splendida (2), S. 4 sp. (1, 2), Trinema complanatum (1–9), T. enchelys (1–9), T. galeata (5, 9), T. grande (2, 7), T. lineare (1–9), T. lineare v. terricola (5, 6), T. penardi (3, 5, 6), T. 2 sp. (5, 6), Corythion dubium (2, 5, 6), C. dubium f. minima (2, 5, 6), C. dubium v. orbicularis (5, 6), Pseudodifflugia gracilis v. terricola (2), P. jungi (2), Difflugiella apiculata (7, 8), D. minuta (1), D. oviformis (1), D. oviformis f. fusca (5, 6), Wailesella eboracensis (2, 3), Amphitrema flavum (7), Testacea sp.1 (1), T. sp. 2 (7, 8), T. sp. 3 (1).

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Bobrov, A., Krasilnikov, P. & García-Calderón, N.E. Biogeography of testate amoebae in the soils of Mexico. Biodivers Conserv 22, 2837–2855 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-013-0558-5

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