Abstract
Nicotinamide (NAM) could enhance the availability of NAD+ and be beneficial to cell function. However, NAM can inhibit the activities of SIRT1 and PARP. The effect of NAM supplementation on the aging process is not well known. In the present study exogenous NAM (1–0.5% in drinking water) was supplemented for 5 weeks and in the last 4 weeks moderate treadmill running was given to 5 mo and 28 mo old rats. The content of SIRT1 was not effected by NAM treatment alone. However, the activity of SIRT1, judged from the acetylated p53/p53 ratio, increased in both NAM treated age groups, suggesting beneficial effects of exogenous NAM. This was confirmed by the finding of increased PGC-1α and pCREB/CREB ratio in the gastrocnemius muscle of old but not young NAM treated animals. Our data suggest NAM administration can attenuate the aging process in skeletal muscle of rats, but NAM administration together with exercise training might be too great challenge to cope with in the old animals, since it leads to decreased levels of SIRT1.
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Note: The body mass of the NAM treated animals changed significantly during the experimental period. Results are expressed mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, N = 6 in each group
Note: Histone deacetylase SIRT1 content change with age, exercise training and NAM administration. Results are expressed mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, N = 6 in each group
Note: P53 acetylation levels were measured to assess the activity of SIRT1. Bars show ac-p53/p53 ratio. Results are expressed mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, N = 6 in each group
Note: NAMPT is important to NAD biosynthesis and the levels were measured by immunoblots. Results are expressed mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, N = 6 in each group
Note: PGC-1 alpha is a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. Moderate level of exercise training increased the levels of PGC-1 alpha in aged skeletal muscle. Results are expressed mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, N = 6 in each group
Note: CREB transcription factor is responsible for the regulation of number of genes. Results are expressed mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, N = 6 in each group
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Acknowledgements
This study was supported by OTKA grant (112810) awarded to Z.R. Authors acknowledge the assistance of professor A.W. Taylor in the preparation of the manuscript. AP was supported by the UNKP–UNKP-16-4 New National Excellence Program of Ministry of Human Capacities and EFOP-3.6.1-16-2016-00008.
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Pajk, M., Cselko, A., Varga, C. et al. Exogenous nicotinamide supplementation and moderate physical exercise can attenuate the aging process in skeletal muscle of rats. Biogerontology 18, 593–600 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10522-017-9705-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10522-017-9705-9