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The systems biology of mitochondrial fission and fusion and implications for disease and aging

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Abstract

Mitochondria organize themselves as dynamic populations within a cell, by undergoing continuous cycles of fission and fusion. The spatio-temporal distribution and abundance of mitochondria determines the cell’s energy budget and is thus intimately linked to the cell’s response to environmental stimuli during aging. The dynamic balance of mitochondrial fission and fusion can be studied in terms of antagonistic subpopulations that regulate the mitochondrial responses in space and time. The dynamic nature of these processes motivates mathematical modelling and the simulation of such complex process. In several neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases the dynamic balance of fission and fusion is disturbed. However, how this dynamics plays a role in the progression of diseases is largely unclear. Fission and fusion help mitochondria to regulate cellular energy (ATP) levels, and minimize accumulation of harmful oxidized material called reactive oxygen species which accelerate mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) during aging. We discuss how systems biology approaches can be used to investigate the mechanisms controlling the fission–fusion dynamics under two categories: dissecting the design of its molecular regulatory motifs, and understanding complex mitochondrial responses through their population level interactions. This will help us to understand how different regulatory mechanisms regulate the ATP and mutation (mtDNA) landscape of mitochondria to a variety of environmental stimuli in order to maintain their function during aging.

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Acknowledgements

We are thankful to our ROSage collaborators, in particular, Markus Tiedge and Simone Baltrusch for valuable interactions. Also, we are grateful to Andrew Ferree and Orian Shirihai for the valuable discussion and their comments on the earlier versions of the paper. This work was supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) as part of the project ROSAge [0315892A to AC, JV, OW].

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  1. Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany

    Anuradha Chauhan, Julio Vera & Olaf Wolkenhauer

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  1. Anuradha Chauhan
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Correspondence to Anuradha Chauhan.

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Chauhan, A., Vera, J. & Wolkenhauer, O. The systems biology of mitochondrial fission and fusion and implications for disease and aging. Biogerontology 15, 1–12 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10522-013-9474-z

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