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Occurrence of Vibrio cholerae in Municipal and Natural Waters and Incidence of Cholera in Azerbaijan

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Abstract

Cholera, a waterborne disease caused by Vibrio cholerae, is an autochthonous member of the aquatic environment and predominantly reported from developing countries. Technical reports and proceedings were reviewed to determine the relationship between occurrence of V. cholerae in natural waters, including sources of municipal water, and cases of cholera in Azerbaijan. Water samples collected from different environmental sources from 1970 to 1998 were tested for V. cholerae and 0.73% (864/117,893) were positive. The results showed that in April of each year, when the air temperature rose by approximately 5°C, V. cholerae could be isolated. With each increase in air temperature, 6–8 weeks after, impact on cases of cholera was recorded. The incidence of cholera peaked when the air temperature reached >25°C during the month of September. It is concluded that a distinct seasonality in cholera incidence exists in Azerbaijan, with increased occurrence during warmer months.

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Acknowledgments

This work was primarily supported by a grant funded by the Bio-Industry Initiative (BII) Grant No. 8008 of the U.S. Department of State and implemented by CRDF Global and in part supported by the grants from National Science Foundation Grant 0813066, NIH Grant 2RO1A1039129-11A2, and National Institutes of Health-Fogarty International Center Challenge Grant 1RC1TW008587-01.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Republican Anti-Plague Station, Baku, Azerbaijan

    Shair Gurbanov, Rashid Akhmadov & Sevinj Akhmadova

  2. Raytheon Technical Services Company, Baku, Azerbaijan

    Gulnara Shamkhalova

  3. Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, 3132 Bioscience Research Bldg 413, College Park, MD, 20742, USA

    Bradd J. Haley, Rita R. Colwell & Anwar Huq

  4. University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA

    Rita R. Colwell

  5. Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Rita R. Colwell

  6. CosmosID, College Park, MD, USA

    Rita R. Colwell

  7. Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA

    Anwar Huq

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  1. Shair Gurbanov
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  2. Rashid Akhmadov
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  7. Anwar Huq
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Correspondence to Anwar Huq.

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Gurbanov, S., Akhmadov, R., Shamkhalova, G. et al. Occurrence of Vibrio cholerae in Municipal and Natural Waters and Incidence of Cholera in Azerbaijan. EcoHealth 8, 468–477 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-012-0756-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-012-0756-8

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