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Irrigation of paddy soil with industrial landfill leachate: impacts in rice productivity, plant nutrition, and chemical characteristics of soil

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Abstract

Treated industrial effluents have high levels of nutrients and dissolved organic matter. The irrigation of rice by flooding can increase nutrient uptake and grain yield. Therefore, this study evaluated the nutrient contents in the shoots and grain of the rice crop and also the chemical of the soil after irrigation of the crop with leachate of the treated industrial effluent. A greenhouse experiment was conducted using pots filled with 20 kg of soil in a randomized block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of control (irrigation with distilled water) and four concentrations of the leachate (25, 50, 75, and 100 %) for irrigation. At the end of the experiment, the nutrient contents in tissues of rice plants, sterility of spikelets, and grain mass were evaluated. Results showed that irrigation with the leachate at 25 % content increased the macro- and micronutrients’ concentrations in the shoot biomass and grain, except for potassium and iron. Irrigation with the industrial leachate decreased tillering and grain yield; however, it increased chlorophyll content, sterility of spikelets, and sodium intake at this leachate concentration. The potassium and sodium levels and the electrical conductivity values of soils irrigated with treated industrial leachate were increased. The use of the treated leachate from industrial effluents is an alternative that reuses the nutritional load, but the volume of leachate should be limited and monitored to prevent the sodicity in the soil and problemsdue to eutrophication.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank CNPq and CAPES for the fund support and scholarships provided. The authors also wish to thank UTRESA, especially João Bombarda who provided the leachate and the support needed to conduct the experiment.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Riograndense Rice Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

    Filipe Selau Carlos

  2. Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

    Bruno Loss dos Santos, Marino José Tedesco & Flávio Anastácio de Oliveira Camargo

  3. Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil

    Robson Andreazza

  4. University Of Georgia, Athens, USA

    Lawrence Morris

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  1. Filipe Selau Carlos
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  2. Bruno Loss dos Santos
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  3. Robson Andreazza
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  4. Marino José Tedesco
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  5. Lawrence Morris
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  6. Flávio Anastácio de Oliveira Camargo
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Correspondence to Filipe Selau Carlos.

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Carlos, F.S., dos Santos, B.L., Andreazza, R. et al. Irrigation of paddy soil with industrial landfill leachate: impacts in rice productivity, plant nutrition, and chemical characteristics of soil. Paddy Water Environ 15, 133–144 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-016-0535-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-016-0535-1

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