Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in Xi’an, China

  • Original Article
  • Published:
European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study analyzed the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of urogenital Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis isolated in Xi’an, China. A total of 2161 individuals from 2011 to 2015 were included, and antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed by using the Mycoplasma IST kit. Of the individuals studied, 1018 (47.11 %) were identified to be positive for urogenital mycoplasmas. The single U. urealyticum, single M. hominis, and dual U. urealyticum and M. hominis infections accounted for 772 (75.83 %), 66 (6.48 %), and 180 (17.68 %), respectively. The total positive rate was higher in females than in males (58.76 % vs. 28.86 %, p < 0.001). The highest total positive rate (48.88 %) was observed in individuals aged 25 years to 30 years. In symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, the positive rates were both higher in females than in males (67.36 % vs. 31.02 %, p < 0.001 and 42.58 % vs. 7.69 %, p < 0.001, respectively) and individuals aged 25 years to 30 years, and those aged 30 years to 35 years had the highest positive rates (54.35 and 57.14 %, respectively). The U. urealyticum and M. hominis identified from single or dual infections displayed low resistance rates to josamycin, doxycycline, and minocycline (<10 %) in both the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups. These results suggest that females and individuals with symptoms and younger age had higher mycoplasma infection rates and that josamycin, doxycycline, and minocycline may be recommended for the clinical treatment of patients infected with urogenital mycoplasmas, irrespective of the symptoms.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Leli C, Mencacci A, Bombaci JC, D’Alò F, Farinelli S, Vitali M, Montagna P, Bietolini C, Meucci M, Perito S, Bistoni F (2012) Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in a population of Italian and immigrant outpatients. Infez Med 20(2):82–87

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Zhang N, Wang R, Li X, Liu X, Tang Z, Liu Y (2014) Are Ureaplasma spp. a cause of nongonococcal urethritis? A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 9(12):e113771. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0113771

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Tibaldi C, Cappello N, Latino MA, Masuelli G, Marini S, Benedetto C (2009) Vaginal and endocervical microorganisms in symptomatic and asymptomatic non-pregnant females: risk factors and rates of occurrence. Clin Microbiol Infect 15(7):670–679. doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02842.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Azizmohammadi S, Azizmohammadi S (2015) Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis isolated from pregnant women. Iran Red Crescent Med J 17(12):e17211. doi:10.5812/ircmj.17211

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Okeke IN, Laxminarayan R, Bhutta ZA, Duse AG, Jenkins P, O’Brien TF, Pablos-Mendez A, Klugman KP (2005) Antimicrobial resistance in developing countries. Part I: recent trends and current status. Lancet Infect Dis 5(8):481–493. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(05)70189-4

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Skiljevic D, Mirkov D, Vukicevic J (2016) Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in genital samples collected over 6 years at a Serbian university hospital. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 82(1):37–41. doi:10.4103/0378-6323.172903

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Salado-Rasmussen K, Jensen JS (2014) Mycoplasma genitalium testing pattern and macrolide resistance: a Danish nationwide retrospective survey. Clin Infect Dis 59(1):24–30. doi:10.1093/cid/ciu217

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Song T, Ye A, Xie X, Huang J, Ruan Z, Kong Y, Song J, Wang Y, Chen J, Zhang J (2014) Epidemiological investigation and antimicrobial susceptibility analysis of Ureaplasma species and Mycoplasma hominis in outpatients with genital manifestations. J Clin Pathol 67(9):817–20. doi:10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202248

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Kouegnigan Rerambiah L, Ndong JC, Medzegue S, Elisee-Ndam M, Djoba Siawaya JF (2015) Genital Mycoplasma infections and their resistance phenotypes in an African setting. Eur J Clin Microbiol 34(6):1087–1090. doi:10.1007/s10096-015-2326-9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Pónyai K, Mihalik N, Ostorházi E, Farkas B, Párducz L, Marschalkó M, Kárpáti S, Rozgonyi F (2013) Incidence and antibiotic susceptibility of genital Mycoplasmas in sexually active individuals in Hungary. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 32(11):1423–1426. doi:10.1007/s10096-013-1892-y

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Ye G, Jiang Z, Wang M, Huang J, Jin G, Lu S (2014) The resistance analysis of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in female reproductive tract specimens. Cell Biochem Biophys 68(1):207–210. doi:10.1007/s12013-013-9691-8

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. De Francesco MA, Caracciolo S, Bonfanti C, Manca N (2013) Incidence and antibiotic susceptibility of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum isolated in Brescia, Italy, over 7 years. J Infect Chemother 19(4):621–627. doi:10.1007/s10156-012-0527-z

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Bayraktar MR, Ozerol IH, Gucluer N, Celik O (2010) Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in pregnant women. Int J Infect Dis 14(2):e90–e95. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2009.03.020

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Wang QY, Li RH, Zheng LQ, Shang XH (2014) Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in female outpatients, 2009–2013. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 49(3):359–362. doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2014.06.007

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Samra Z, Rosenberg S, Dan M (2011) Susceptibility of Ureaplasma urealyticum to tetracycline, doxycycline, erythromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin. J Chemother 23(2):77–79. doi:10.1179/joc.2011.23.2.77

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Zhu C, Liu J, Ling Y, Dong C, Wu T, Yu X, Hou Y, Dong L, Cheng X (2012) Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in Chinese women with genital infectious diseases. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 78(3):406–407. doi:10.4103/0378-6323.95480

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Okeke IN, Klugman KP, Bhutta ZA, Duse AG, Jenkins P, O’Brien TF, Pablos-Mendez A, Laxminarayan R (2005) Antimicrobial resistance in developing countries. Part II: strategies for containment. Lancet Infect Dis 5(9):568–580. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(05)70217-6

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The project was sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 81201326).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061, Shaanxi, China

    X.-Y. Zeng & X.-N. Tong

  2. Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061, Shaanxi, China

    X.-Y. Zeng & Z.-W. Liu

  3. Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, 710077, Shaanxi, China

    N. Xin

  4. Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, 710061, Shaanxi, China

    J.-Y. Wang

Authors
  1. X.-Y. Zeng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. N. Xin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. X.-N. Tong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. J.-Y. Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Z.-W. Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Z.-W. Liu.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethics statements

This study was initiated after receiving approval from the Institutional Review Board of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University and carried out according to the Helsinki Declaration. Informed consent was obtained from all the participants.

Electronic supplementary material

Below are the links to the electronic supplementary material.

Fig. S1

(DOC 194 kb)

Fig. S2

(DOC 200 kb)

Fig. S3

(DOC 207 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zeng, XY., Xin, N., Tong, XN. et al. Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in Xi’an, China. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 35, 1941–1947 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-016-2745-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-016-2745-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation