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Parkinson’s disease and insomnia

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Abstract

There is a broad spectrum of sleep disturbances observed in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The prevalence of symptoms of insomnia and chronic inability to sleep and their association with other sleep disorders were studied. Altogether 1447 randomly selected Parkinson patients, aged 43–89 years, participated in a questionnaire study. A structured questionnaire with 207 items was based on the Basic Nordic Sleep questionnaire. Questions on demographics, PD, REM Sleep Behavior Disorder, and other issues were included. The response rate was 59 % (N = 854), and of these 81 % returned fully answered questionnaire (N = 689). Prevalence of chronic inability to sleep was 36.9 % (95 % CI 33.3–40.5). Difficulty of initiating sleep was 18.0 % (95 % CI 15.1–20.9), disrupted sleep 81.54 % (78.5–84.4), awakenings during night 31.3 % (27.8–34.8), early morning awakenings 40.4 % (36.8–44.1) and non-restorative sleep 38.5 % (34.8–42.1). In the logistic regression models, poor quality of life and restless legs syndrome correlated significantly with chronic insomnia disorder. Disrupted sleep and early morning awakenings were the most common insomnia symptoms. PD patients do not seem to have difficulties in sleep initiation. Insomnia symptoms including disruptive sleep and non-restorative sleep are common in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Inability to sleep is more common as comorbidity than a single sleep problem.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Finnish Parkinson Foundation. We thank Anne Huutoniemi and Juuso Kosonen for helping the data entry, and Hannele Laakso for linguistic help. This study was funded by the Finnish Parkinson Foundation.

Conflict of interest

Ari Ylikoski has nothing to declare. Kirsti K. Martikainen has received lecture fees from Boehringer-Ingelheim, lecture and consultant fees from Orion Pharma, H Lundbeck and UCB Pharma, congress fee from NordicInfuCare. Mariusz Sieminski has nothing to declare. Markku Partinen has received lecture fees from Boehringer-Ingelheim, GSK, MSD, Orion Pharma, lecture and consultant fees from Leiras-Nycomed, UCB, Cephalon, consultant fees from Servier, expert testimony fees from UCB, grants from Academy of Finland, Parkinson Foundation of Finland and Gyllenberg Foundation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Vitalmed Research Center, Helsinki Sleep Clinic, Sitratori 3, 00420, Helsinki, Finland

    Ari Ylikoski & Markku Partinen

  2. Department of Neurology, Hospital of Laakso, Helsinki, Finland

    Ari Ylikoski

  3. The Finnish Parkinson Association, Turku, Finland

    Kirsti Martikainen

  4. Department of Adult Neurology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland

    Mariusz Sieminski

  5. Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Markku Partinen

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  1. Ari Ylikoski
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  2. Kirsti Martikainen
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  3. Mariusz Sieminski
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  4. Markku Partinen
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Correspondence to Ari Ylikoski.

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Ylikoski, A., Martikainen, K., Sieminski, M. et al. Parkinson’s disease and insomnia. Neurol Sci 36, 2003–2010 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-015-2288-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-015-2288-9

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