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A randomized controlled clinical study of the effect of daily intake of Ascophyllum nodosum alga on calculus, plaque, and gingivitis

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Abstract

Objective

The aim of this study is to evaluate, in a randomized controlled cross-over study, the effect of daily intake of the alga Ascophyllum nodosum on supragingival calculus, plaque formation, and gingival health over a 6-month period.

Material and methods

Sixty-one adults with moderate to heavy calculus formation since their last yearly recall visit participated. In a randomized order over two 6-month periods, they swallowed two capsules daily, comprising a total of 500 mg dried marine alga powder (Ascophyllum nodosum, ProDen PlaqueOff®) or two negative control tablets. During the study, the participants maintained their regular oral habits. Their teeth were professionally cleaned at the start of each period and after the 6-month registrations. A wash out period of 1 month separated the two 6-month periods. Supragingival calculus (Volpe Manhold), gingivitis (Löe and Silness), gingival bleeding (Ainamo and Bay), and plaque (Quigley-Hein) were registered at screening and at the end of the two periods. Differences in oral health between the test and control periods were analyzed using a paired t test and Wilcoxon signed rank test.

Results

Fifty-five participants completed the study. After the alga intake, the mean calculus reduction was 52 % compared to the control (p < 0.0001). Fifty-two participants showed less calculus formation in the alga group than in the control group. Plaque (p = 0.008) and gingival bleeding (p = 0.02) were also significantly less in the alga group. However, no significant difference was found between the groups for gingivitis (p = 0.13).

Conclusions

The alga intake significantly reduced the formation of supragingival calculus and plaque and occurrence of gingival bleeding. The alga has a systemic effect on oral health.

Clinical relevance

Daily intake of the alga Ascophyllum nodosum as an adjunct to customary oral hygiene showed a major reduction of supragingival calculus formation and reduced plaque formation. In addition, the calculus in the alga group was characterized by a more porous and less solid structure and was easier to remove than the calculus in the control group.

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Acknowledgments

The study was supported by the Västerbotten County Council and SDC Swedencare.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Odontology, Dental School Umeå, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden

    Jan W. V. van Dijken & S. Koistinen

  2. Department of Periodontology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

    Per Ramberg

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  1. Jan W. V. van Dijken
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  3. Per Ramberg
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Correspondence to Jan W. V. van Dijken.

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van Dijken, J.W.V., Koistinen, S. & Ramberg, P. A randomized controlled clinical study of the effect of daily intake of Ascophyllum nodosum alga on calculus, plaque, and gingivitis. Clin Oral Invest 19, 1507–1518 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-014-1383-2

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