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Petrogenesis of granitoids in the eastern section of the Central Qilian Block: Evidence from geochemistry and zircon U-Pb geochronology

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Abstract

The Caledonian-age Qilian Orogenic Belt at the northern margin of the Greater Tibetan Plateau comprises abundant granitoids that record the histories of the orogenesis. We report here our study of these granitoids from two localities. The Qingchengshan (QCS) pluton, which is situated in the eastern section of the Central Qilian Block, is dated at ~430–420 Ma. It has high-K calc-alkaline composition with high SiO2 (> 70 wt%), enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs), depletion in high field strength elements (HFSEs), and varying degrees of negative Sr and Eu anomalies. The granitoids in the Tongwei (TW) area, 150 km east of the QCS, are complex, the majority of which are dated at ~440 Ma, but there also exist younger, ~230 Ma intrusions genetically associated with the Qinling Orogeny. The Paleozoic TW intrusions also have high SiO2, fractionated REE (rare earth element) patterns, but a negligible Eu anomaly. The whole rock Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic compositions suggest that all these Paleozoic granitoids are consistent with melting-induced mixing of a two-component source, which is best interpreted as the combination of last fragments of subducted/subducting ocean crust with terrigenous sediments. The mantle isotopic signature of these granitoids (87Sr/86Sri: 0.7038 to 0.7100, εNd(t): −4.8 to −1.3, εHf(t): −0.7 to +4.0) reflects significant (~70 %) contribution of the ocean crust derived in no distant past from the mantle at ocean ridges with an inherited mantle isotopic signature. Partial melting of such ocean crust plus terrigenous sediments in response to the ocean closing and continental collision (between the Qilian and Alashan Blocks) under amphibolite facies conditions is responsible for the magmatism. Varying extents of fractional crystallization (±plagioclase, ±amphibole, ±garnet, ±zircon) of the parental magmas produced the observed QCS and TW granitoids. We note that sample HTC12–01 in the TW area shows an A-type or highly fractionated granite signature characterized by elevated abundances and a flat pattern of REEs, weak Nb-Ta anomaly, conspicuous negative Sr and Eu anomalies (Sr/Sr* = 0.09, Eu/Eu* = 0.22), and thus the high 87Sr/86Sr ratio (0.7851), and moderate εNd(t) (−4.9) and εHf(t) (−2.0), pointing to the significant mantle contribution. Compared with the Paleozoic granitoids, the ~230 Ma granitoids in the TW area represented by sample JPC12–02 have higher initial 87Sr/86Sr (0.7073) and lower εNd(t) (−6.2) and εHf(t) (−4.5) values, offering an ideal opportunity for future studies on tectonic effects of juxtaposition of younger orogenesis on an older orogen.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC Grants 41130314, 91014003), Chinese Academy of Sciences (Innovation Grant Y42217101L) and grants from regional and local authorities (Shandong Province and City of Qingdao). We thank Pengyuan Guo, Pu Sun, Huixia Cui, Yan Hu, Lei Ye, Jinju Liu and Meng Duan for help with sample preparation. We acknowledge Li Su for the assistance with whole rock major and trace element analysis, and Jinlong Ma with isotope analysis. We also thank editor Yigang Xu for handing this manuscript and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions.

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  1. Jiyong Li, Yaoling Niu, Shuo Chen & Wenli Sun

    Present address: Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266061, China

    Jiyong Li, Yaoling Niu & Shuo Chen

  2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Jiyong Li & Shuo Chen

  3. Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK

    Yaoling Niu

  4. School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China

    Yi Liu

  5. School of Earth Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China

    Yu Zhang, Yuxin Ma, Zhenxing Hu & Guorui Zhang

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  1. Jiyong Li
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  2. Yaoling Niu
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Correspondence to Jiyong Li or Yaoling Niu.

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Editorial handling: Y. Xu

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Li, J., Niu, Y., Chen, S. et al. Petrogenesis of granitoids in the eastern section of the Central Qilian Block: Evidence from geochemistry and zircon U-Pb geochronology. Miner Petrol 111, 23–41 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-016-0461-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-016-0461-3

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