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Identification and evolutionary analysis of papillomavirus sequences in New World monkeys (genera Sapajus and Alouatta) from Argentina

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Abstract

Objective

In this study, we investigated the occurrence of papillomavirus (PV) infection in non-human primates (NHPs) in northeastern Argentina. We also explored their evolutionary history and evaluated the co-speciation hypothesis in the context of primate evolution.

Methods

We obtained DNA samples from 57 individuals belonging to wild and captive populations of Alouatta caraya, Sapajus nigritus, and Sapajus cay. We assessed PV infection by PCR amplification with the CUT primer system and sequencing of 337 bp (112 amino acids) of the L1 gene. The viral sequences were analyzed by phylogenetic and Bayesian coalescence methods to estimate the time to the most common recent ancestor (tMRCA) using BEAST, v1.4.8 software. We evaluated viral/host tree congruence with TreeMap v3.0.

Results

We identified two novel putative PV sequences of the genus Gammapapillomavirus in Sapajus spp. and Alouatta caraya (SPV1 and AcPV1, respectively). The tMRCA of SPV1 was estimated to be 11,941,682 years before present (ybp), and that of AcPV1 was 46,638,071 ybp, both before the coalescence times of their hosts (6.4 million years ago [MYA] and 6.8 MYA, respectively). Based on the comparison of primate and viral phylogenies, we found that the PV tree was no more congruent with the host tree than a random tree would be (P > 0.05), thus allowing us to reject the model of virus-host coevolution.

Conclusion

This study presents the first evidence of PV infection in platyrrhine species from Argentina, expands the range of described hosts for these viruses, and suggests new scenarios for their origin and dispersal.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Maria Patricia Casco and Ester Bernaldo de Quirós for their help with sample collection during fieldwork. We are also thankful to María Elina Totaro for her technical assistance in the laboratory.

Funding

This work was supported through a doctoral fellowship from the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científico y Tecnológicas (CONICET) (10320130101208CO) to CSF. IB, MMK, EB, DC, and AAG are members of CONICET. This study was partially supported by research Grant PIP IU 0355 CONICET (MMK). The equipment and software used in the study were partially supported by an Idea Wilds grant (CSF) (501c(3)) and a Codon Code Aligner Grants license program (IB). None of the funding agencies have been involved in the study design, data collection, analysis, or paper writing and submission.

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Author notes

  1. C. Sanchez-Fernandez and E. M. Bolatti contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Argentina

    C. Sanchez-Fernandez, D. J. Liotta & I. Badano

  2. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina

    C. Sanchez-Fernandez, A. C. A. Culasso, M. M. Kowalewski, R. H. Campos & I. Badano

  3. Laboratorio de Virología Humana, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, CONICET/UNR, Rosario, Argentina

    E. M. Bolatti, D. Chouhy, E. J. Stella & A. A. Giri

  4. Área Virología, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina

    E. M. Bolatti, D. Chouhy & A. A. Giri

  5. Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    A. C. A. Culasso & R. H. Campos

  6. Estación Biológica Corrientes (EBCo-MACN-CONICET), Corrientes, Argentina

    M. M. Kowalewski

  7. Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology, Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA

    T. G. Schurr

  8. Ministerio de Ecología y Recursos Naturales Renovables, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina

    M. A. Rinas

  9. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, ANLIS, Pto. Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina

    D. J. Liotta

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  1. C. Sanchez-Fernandez
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Contributions

CS-F: conceptualization, methodology, validation, formal analysis, investigation, data curation, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing, visualization, funding acquisition. EMB: methodology, validation, formal analysis, investigation, data curation, writing—review and editing. ACAC: methodology, formal analysis, visualization, writing—review and editing. DC: methodology, formal analysis, writing—review and editing. MMK: conceptualization, resources, supervision, project administration, writing—review and editing. EJS: investigation, writing—review and editing. TGS: formal analysis, resources, writing—review and editing. MAR, DJL, and RHC: resources, writing—review and editing. AAG: resources; project administration, funding acquisition, writing—review and editing. IB: conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, resources, data curation, writing—review and editing, supervision, project administration, funding acquisition

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Correspondence to C. Sanchez-Fernandez.

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Sanchez-Fernandez, C., Bolatti, E.M., Culasso, A.C.A. et al. Identification and evolutionary analysis of papillomavirus sequences in New World monkeys (genera Sapajus and Alouatta) from Argentina. Arch Virol 167, 1257–1268 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-022-05420-y

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