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The prevalence and genetic diversity of porcine circovirus types 2 and 3 in Northeast China from 2015 to 2018

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Abstract

A total of 472 samples from domestic pigs collected in China from 2015 to 2018 were tested for the presence of porcine circovirus types 2 and 3 (PCV2 and PCV3, respectively) by conventional polymerase chain reaction analysis. The prevalence of PCV2, PCV3, and PCV2/3 co-infection was 50.0%, 13.3%, and 6.78%, respectively. The complete genomic sequences of 66 PCV2 isolates and four PCV3 isolates were determined. Based phylogenetic analysis, the PCV2 isolates were assigned to three genotypes, PCV2a, PCV2b, and PCV2d, representing 13.6% (9/66), 25.8% (17/66), and 60.6% (40/66) of the total, respectively. All four PCV3 isolates shared a high degree of similarity in their complete nucleotide sequences (98.8–99.8% identity) and ORF2 amino acid sequences (98.6–99.5% identity). These results indicate that all three PCV2 genotypes (PCV2a, PCV2b, and PCV2d) are present on pig farms and that PCV2d has become the predominant genotype. The predicted amino acid sequences of the four PCV3 isolates indicated that PCV3-CN-JL53/PCV3-CN-LN56, PCV3-CN-HLJ3, and PCV3-CN-0710, belonged to the genotypes PCV3a, PCV3b, and PCV3a-IM, respectively. In view of the great harm that PCV2 causes to the pig industry, the epidemic trend of PCV3 should continue to be closely monitored. This study provides information about the prevalence, genetic diversity, and molecular epidemiology of PCV2 and PCV3 in China from 2015 to 2018.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 31873012) and the National Key Research and Development Programs (Grant nos. 2017YFD0500903 and 2017YFD0501603)

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Author notes

  1. Deli Xia and Liping Huang contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Swine Digestive System Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 678 Ha-Ping Road, Xiangfang Region, Harbin, 150069, China

    Deli Xia, Liping Huang, Yongxing Xie, Yanwu Wei, Hongzhen Zhu, Haiqiao Bian, Li Feng & Changming Liu

  2. College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150080, China

    Xiaoqian Zhang

  3. College of Veterinary Medicine, Ji Lin University, Changchun, 130062, China

    Dan Liu

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  1. Deli Xia
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Correspondence to Changming Liu.

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Xia, D., Huang, L., Xie, Y. et al. The prevalence and genetic diversity of porcine circovirus types 2 and 3 in Northeast China from 2015 to 2018. Arch Virol 164, 2435–2449 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-019-04336-4

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