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Arbuscular mycorrhiza effects on plant performance under osmotic stress

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Abstract

At present, drought and soil salinity are among the most severe environmental stresses that affect the growth of plants through marked reduction of water uptake which lowers water potential, leading to osmotic stress. In general, osmotic stress causes a series of morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes that affect plant performance. Several studies have found that diverse types of soil microorganisms improve plant growth, especially when plants are under stressful conditions. Most important are the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) which form arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) with approximately 80% of plant species and are present in almost all terrestrial ecosystems. Beyond the well-known role of AM in improving plant nutrient uptake, the contributions of AM to plants coping with osmotic stress merit analysis. With this review, we describe the principal direct and indirect mechanisms by which AM modify plant responses to osmotic stress, highlighting the role of AM in photosynthetic activity, water use efficiency, osmoprotectant production, antioxidant activities, and gene expression. We also discuss the potential for using AMF to improve plant performance under osmotic stress conditions and the lines of research needed to optimize AM use in plant production.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank CONICYT, Chile, for the financial support through FONDECYT 1170264 (P. Cornejo), FONDECYT 1161326 (P. Cartes) and scholarship for Doctoral Thesis, Grant No. 21161211 (C. Santander). The authors also thank the highly valuable contribution of anonymous reviewers and the Editor of this review.

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  1. Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus BIOREN-UFRO, Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile

    Christian Santander, Paula Cartes, Fernando Borie & Pablo Cornejo

  2. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Recursos Hídricos (CIDERH), Universidad Arturo Prat, Vivar 493, 3er piso, Iquique, Chile

    Christian Santander & Jorge Olave

  3. Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain

    Ricardo Aroca & Juan Manuel Ruiz-Lozano

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  1. Christian Santander
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  2. Ricardo Aroca
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  3. Juan Manuel Ruiz-Lozano
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  4. Jorge Olave
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  7. Pablo Cornejo
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Correspondence to Pablo Cornejo.

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Santander, C., Aroca, R., Ruiz-Lozano, J.M. et al. Arbuscular mycorrhiza effects on plant performance under osmotic stress. Mycorrhiza 27, 639–657 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-017-0784-x

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