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Ultrapotassic magmatism in the heyday of the Variscan Orogeny: the story of the Třebíč Pluton, the largest durbachitic body in the Bohemian Massif

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Abstract

The Třebíč Pluton (TP) comprises plutonic rocks of the ‘durbachite series’, i.e., ultrapotassic biotite–amphibole quartz melasyenites–melagranites with conspicuous K-feldspar phenocrysts and abundant mafic enclaves. The TP with its satellite bodies intruded the eastern Moldanubian Zone (orogenic root of the Variscan Bohemian Massif) at c. 338 Ma. Overall, the entire TP durbachite series (SiO2 = 52–67 wt%) remains highly magnesian, reduced, and (except when strongly contaminated) metaluminous. The durbachitic rocks are markedly enriched in lithophile elements (esp. Cs, Rb, Th, U, K and Pb) and LREE; in contrast, the contents of high-field strength elements (Nb, Ta, and Ti) and Sr are much lower, resulting in conspicuous negative anomalies in Primitive mantle-normalized multielement plots. The proposed petrogenetic model requires re-enrichment of the depleted, harzburgitic lithospheric mantle by deeply subducted crustal material of the Saxothuringian lower plate, directly and/or via (U)HP melt/fluid. This process produced phlogopite-rich metasomes (phlogopite harzburgites and/or glimmerites). The metasomes re-melted soon thereafter by a short thermal pulse caused by slab break-off or decompression melting of rising diapirs of the relatively light metasomatized mantle, yielding primary ultrapotassic melts (87Sr/86Sr337 > 0.712 and \(\varepsilon_{{{\text{Nd}}}}^{337}\) ≤ 7.6). Upon their passage through the Moldanubian upper plate, ultrapotassic primary magmas mixed with felsic anatectic melts (87Sr/86Sr337 < 0.710; \(\varepsilon_{{{\text{Nd}}}}^{337}\) > – 6.5). K-feldspar-driven fractional crystallization ± accumulation represented only a late modifying influence. The occurrence of such ultrapotassic enriched/crustally contaminated mantle-derived magmatism complicates any conventional mass-balance assessments of relative roles of crustal recycling vs. growth in hot collisional orogens, e.g., Variscides or Himalayas.

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Acknowledgements

The manuscript was improved significantly by detailed reviews of Mike Fowler and an anonymous reviewer, and benefited from careful editorial work of Editor-in-Chief Wolf-Christian Dullo. We are indebted to V. Erban and J. Míková (CGS Prague) for technical assistance in the isotopic laboratory. S. Tyrrell (then at UCD Dublin) helped with acquisition and interpretation of the in situ Pb isotopic data, F. Veselovský and I. Soejono separated zircons and prepared mounts for dating, A. Šťastná (Charles University Prague) assisted with optical CL photography, P. Halodová and O. Pour (CGS Prague) with CL and BSE imaging of the dated zircons. We would like to thank, among others, S. Couzinié (Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy), S. Ferrero (Potsdam), F. Finger (Salzburg), J.-F. Moyen (St. Etienne), P. O’Brien (Potsdam), K. Schulmann (CGS Prague/Strasbourg) and T. Wenzel (Tübingen) for enlightening discussions on petrogenesis of ultrapotassic magmas (not only) in the Bohemian Massif.

Funding

This work was supported by the Czech Grant Agency (GACR) project 18-24378S. Furthermore, the dataset was completed using data from the project “Evaluation of Geological and Further Information of the Selected Parts of the Czech Moldanubicum Regarding a Potential Possibility to Place a Deep Geological Repository in the EDU-West” (Czech Radioactive Waste Repository Authority—SURAO). Institutional support RVO 67985831 (to MS) is also acknowledged. The National Centre for Isotope Geochemistry (NCIG) at University College Dublin is funded mainly by Science Foundation Ireland, including Grant no. 04/BR/ES0007/EC07 awarded to J.S.D.

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Author notes

  1. Deceased: František V. Holub.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, 118 21, Prague 1, Czech Republic

    Vojtěch Janoušek, Pavel Hanžl, John M. Hora, Yulia V. Erban Kochergina, Petr Gadas, Kryštof Verner, Kristýna Hrdličková & David Buriánek

  2. Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 269, 165 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic

    Martin Svojtka

  3. Institute of Petrology and Structural Geology, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic

    František V. Holub

  4. Institut für Geowissenschaften, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Axel Gerdes

  5. UCD School of Earth Sciences, Irish Centre for Research in Applied Geosciences (icrag-centre.org), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland

    J. Stephen Daly

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  1. Vojtěch Janoušek
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Janoušek, V., Hanžl, P., Svojtka, M. et al. Ultrapotassic magmatism in the heyday of the Variscan Orogeny: the story of the Třebíč Pluton, the largest durbachitic body in the Bohemian Massif. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 109, 1767–1810 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-020-01872-2

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