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Predictive values of cranial ultrasound and assessment of general movements for neurological development of preterm infants in the Maribor region of Slovenia

Prädiktiver Wert von Schädelultraschall und Analyse der "General Movements" für die Vorhersage der neurologischen Entwicklung von Frühgeborenen der Region Marburg (Slowenien)

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Zusammenfassung

ZIEL DER STUDIE: Ziel dieser Studie war es, den prädiktiven Wert einerseits des Schädel-Ultraschalls (US) und andererseits der Analyse der "General Movements" (GM) für die Vorhersage der späteren neurologischen Entwicklung von Frühgeborenen der Region Marburg (Slowenien) zu erfassen. METHODEN: Die longitudinal vom Tag der Geburt bis zum chronologischen Alter von 3 Monaten erhobenen Ergebnisse des Schädel-US und die Ergebnisse der GM-Analyse im (bezüglich des errechneten Geburtstermins korrigierten) Alter von 3 Monaten wurden mit den Ergebnissen der traditionellen neurologischen Untersuchung und der Erhebung der psychomotorischen Entwicklung verglichen, die bei denselben Kindern im (korrigierten) Alter von 6 Jahren durchgeführt wurde. ERGEBNISSE: 112 Frühgeborene (37. Woche und darunter) wurden in die Studie eingeschlossen: Je nach Ergebnis der Schädel-US Untersuchung wurden die Kinder als "Hoch-" oder "Niedrigrisiko" in Bezug auf neurologische Schäden eingestuft. Von den 83 Kindern, die durch Schädel-US als "Niedrigrisiko" eingestuft wurden, hatten 74 (89%) tatsächlich eine völlig normale neurologische Entwicklung. Von den "Hochrisiko-" Kindern hatten 21 (72%) von 29 Kindern eine gestörte neurologische Entwicklung. Von 77 Kindern mit normalen GM hatten 73 (95%) ein normales neurologisches Ergebnis und 4 (5%) eine neurologische Störung. Von 35 Kindern mit abnormalen oder fehlenden GM hatten 26 (74%) eine abnormale und 9 (26%) eine normale neurologische Entwicklung. Von den insgesamt 30 Kindern mit pathologischer neurologischer Entwicklung zeigten 16 zerebrale Lähmungserscheinungen (ZL), ein Kind mentale Retardierung (MR), neun Kinder sowohl ZL als auch MR und 4 Kinder geringgradige komplexe neurologische Störungen. Die Schädel-US Untersuchung hatte also eine Richtigkeit von 85% mit einer Sensitivität von 70% und einer Spezifität von 90%; der positive Voraussagewert lag bei 72% der negative bei 89%. Die GM-Analyse hatte eine Richtigkeit von 88% mit einer Sensitivität von 87% und einer Spezifität von 89%, einen positiven Vorhersagewert von 74% bzw. einen negativen von 95%. SCHLUSSFOLGERUNG: Die Sensitivität des Schädel-US war eindeutig niedriger als die der Analyse der GM. Die Spezifität beider Methoden ist in Bezug auf ihren Vorhersagewert bezüglich bleibender neurologischer Schäden von Frühgeborenen fast gleich.

Summary

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to assess the predictive values of cranial ultrasound (US) scans and assessment of general movements of fidgety character (GMs) for the later neurological development of preterm infants in the Maribor region of Slovenia. METHODS: Results of cranial US scans done longitudinally from the day of birth until the end of three months of chronologic age and results of GMs at three months of corrected age were compared with traditional neurological examination and evaluation of psychomotor development of the same children at the corrected age of six years. RESULTS: A total of 112 preterm infants (gestational age 37 weeks and below) were included in the study. The infants were classified as low-risk or high-risk for neurological impairment on the basis of cranial US scans. The scans classified as low-risk were followed by a normal neurological outcome in 74 (89%) of 83 infants; those classified as high-risk for neurological impairment were followed by abnormal neurological outcome in 21 (72%) of 29 infants. Of 77 infants with normal fidgety movements, 73 (95%) had a normal neurological outcome and 4 (5%) had an abnormal neurological outcome; of 35 infants with abnormal or absent fidgety movements, 26 (74%) had an abnormal neurological outcome and 9 (26%) had a normal neurological outcome. Of 30 children with abnormal outcome, cerebral palsy was diagnosed in 16, mental retardation in one, nine children had both of these, and four had complex minor neurological dysfunction. The validity of the scans was 85%, sensitivity 70%, specificity 90%, positive predictive value 72% and negative predictive value 89%; the validity of the GMs was 88%, sensitivity 87%, specificity 89%, positive predictive value 74% and negative predictive value 95%. CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity of the cranial US scans was clearly lower than that of assessment of general movements of a fidgety character. The specificities of the two methods were almost the same.

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Correspondence to Polona Seme-Ciglenecki.

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Seme-Ciglenecki, P. Predictive values of cranial ultrasound and assessment of general movements for neurological development of preterm infants in the Maribor region of Slovenia. Wien Klin Wochenschr 119, 490–496 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-007-0839-7

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