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Chromaffin cells as a model to evaluate mechanisms of cell death and neuroprotective compounds

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Abstract

In this review, we show how chromaffin cells have contributed to evaluate neuroprotective compounds with diverse mechanisms of action. Chromaffin cells are considered paraneurons, as they share many common features with neurons: (i) they synthesize, store, and release neurotransmitters upon stimulation and (ii) they express voltage-dependent calcium, sodium, and potassium channels, in addition to a wide variety of receptors. All these characteristics, together with the fact that primary cultures from bovine adrenal glands or chromaffin cells from the tumor pheochromocytoma cell line PC12 are easy to culture, make them an ideal model to study neurotoxic mechanisms and neuroprotective drugs. In the first part of this review, we will analyze the different cytotoxicity models related to calcium dyshomeostasis and neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s. Along the second part of the review, we describe how different classes of drugs have been evaluated in chromaffin cells to determine their neuroprotective profile in different neurodegenerative-related models.

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competence ref. SAF2015-63935R to MGL. We thank Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI16/01041) for funding to CdlR. We also thank the Fundación Teófilo Hernando for its continuous support.

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Author notes

  1. Cristobal de los Rios and Maria F. Cano-Abad contributed equally.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

    Cristobal de los Rios, Maria F. Cano-Abad, Mercedes Villarroya & Manuela G. López

  2. Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

    Cristobal de los Rios, Maria F. Cano-Abad & Manuela G. López

  3. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

    Cristobal de los Rios, Maria F. Cano-Abad & Manuela G. López

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  1. Cristobal de los Rios
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  2. Maria F. Cano-Abad
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  3. Mercedes Villarroya
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  4. Manuela G. López
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Correspondence to Manuela G. López.

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This article is part of the special issue on Chromaffin Cells in Pflügers Archiv – European Journal of Physiology

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de los Rios, C., Cano-Abad, M.F., Villarroya, M. et al. Chromaffin cells as a model to evaluate mechanisms of cell death and neuroprotective compounds. Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol 470, 187–198 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-017-2044-5

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