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Novel methods in adrenal research: a metabolomics approach

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Abstract

Metabolic alterations have implications in a spectrum of tissue functions and disease. Aided by novel molecular biological and computational tools, our understanding of physiological and pathological processes underpinning endocrine and endocrine-related disease has significantly expanded over the last decade. Herein, we focus on novel metabolomics-related methodologies in adrenal research: in situ metabolomics by mass spectrometry imaging, steroid metabolomics by gas and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, energy pathway metabologenomics by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry-based metabolomics of Krebs cycle intermediates, and cellular reprogramming to generate functional steroidogenic cells and hence to modulate the steroid metabolome. All four techniques to assess and/or modulate the metabolome in biological systems provide tremendous opportunities to manage neoplastic and non-neoplastic disease of the adrenal glands in the era of precision medicine. In this context, we discuss emerging clinical applications and/or promising metabolic-driven research towards diagnostic, prognostic, predictive and therapeutic biomarkers in tumours arising from the adrenal gland and extra-adrenal paraganglia as well as modern approaches to delineate and reprogram adrenal metabolism.

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Fig. 1

b, c Reproduced from Sun et al. (2018) with permission

Fig. 2

b Reproduced from Arlt et al. (2011) with permission

Fig. 3

c Reproduced from (Richter et al. 2018) with permission

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Acknowledgements

Dr. Papathomas is supported by the Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland (PathSoc 2018 Visiting Fellowship). Dr. Chortis is supported by the Academy of Medical Sciences (Starter Grant for Clinical Lecturers). Dr. Arlt and Dr Eisenhofer are supported by the European Commission Horizon 2020 Programme under Grant agreement 633893 (ENSAT-HT). Drs. Eisenhofer and Richter are supported by Grants from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (CRC/Transregio 205) and the Paradifference foundation. Dr. Walch is supported by the Ministry of Education and Research of the Federal Republic of Germany (BMBF; 01ZX1210B and 01KT1615), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 824 C4, CRC/Transregio 205/1) and the Deutsche Krebshilfe (70112617).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

    Thomas G. Papathomas, Vasileios Chortis, Angela E. Taylor & Wiebke Arlt

  2. Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany

    Thomas G. Papathomas, Na Sun & Axel Karl Walch

  3. Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK

    Vasileios Chortis, Angela E. Taylor & Wiebke Arlt

  4. Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, School of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

    Susan Richter & Graeme Eisenhofer

  5. Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

    Susan Richter & Graeme Eisenhofer

  6. Department of Internal Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany

    Graeme Eisenhofer & Gerard Ruiz-Babot

  7. Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA

    Gerard Ruiz-Babot

  8. Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

    Gerard Ruiz-Babot & Leonardo Guasti

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  1. Thomas G. Papathomas
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  10. Axel Karl Walch
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Papathomas, T.G., Sun, N., Chortis, V. et al. Novel methods in adrenal research: a metabolomics approach. Histochem Cell Biol 151, 201–216 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00418-019-01772-w

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