Abstract
Until recently it was widely accepted that the dynamic cytoskeletal matrix is exclusive to the cytoplasm of eukaryotes, evolving before the emergence of the cell nucleus to enable phagocytosis, cell motility and the sophisticated functioning of the endomembrane system within the cytosol. The discovery of the existence of a prokaryotic cytoskeleton has changed this picture significantly. As a result, the idea has taken shape that the appearance of actin occurred in the very first cell; therefore, the emergence of microfilaments precedes that of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. The discovery of nuclear actin opened new perspective on the field, suggesting that the nuclear activities of actin reflect the functions of primordial actin-like proteins. In this paper, we review the recent literature to explore the evolutionary origin of nuclear actin. We conclude that both ancient and eukaryotic features of the actin world can be detected in the nucleus today, which supports the idea that the cytoskeleton attained significant eukaryotic innovations before the tandem evolution of the cytoskeleton and nucleus occurred.
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Abbreviations
- NPC:
-
Nuclear pore complex
- ERM:
-
Ezrin–radixin–moesin
- LINC:
-
Linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton
- NLS:
-
Nuclear localization signal
- SRF:
-
Serum response factor
- ARP:
-
Actin-related protein
- MKL1:
-
Megakaryoblastic leukemia protein 1
- INM:
-
Inner nuclear membrane protein
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Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge Miklós Erdélyi, József Mihály and Gabriel Fenteany (BRC Szeged) for the critical reading of the manuscript.
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This work was supported by the National Research, Development and Innovation Office—NKFIH (GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00001, GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00032 and PD127968).
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Bajusz, C., Borkúti, P., Kristó, I. et al. Nuclear actin: ancient clue to evolution in eukaryotes?. Histochem Cell Biol 150, 235–244 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00418-018-1693-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00418-018-1693-6