Abstract
The relation of protein deposition with glial cells and oxidative stress was studied in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and neurologically healthy control patients. Three neocortical areas, the hippocampus, and the cerebellum of 20 CJD, 10 AD and 10 control patients were immunohistochemically examined for the presence of astroglia, microglia, and protein depositions. To investigate the level of oxidative stress the percentage of neurons with cytoplasmic hydroxylated DNA was determined. Astroglia, microglia and oxidative stress were located around amyloid-β depositions and a clear quantitative relation was identified. These markers were only increased in the hippocampus of AD compared to controls. Quantitative analysis in these groups showed a correlation between the oxidative stress level and the number of microglia in the grey matter. All markers were increased in the grey matter and the cerebellum of CJD when compared to AD and controls. The highest numbers of lesions were observed in a CJD population with a rapid disease progression. Quantitative analysis showed a correlation between the oxidative stress level and all glial cells. Further analysis showed that the number of microglia was related to the intensity of the prion depositions. Glial cells in the brain are thought to be the main producers of oxidative stress, resulting in neuronal death. Our results confirm that this close relationship exists in both AD and CJD. We also show that an increased number of glial cells and therefore possibly oxidative stress is associated with the disease progression.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank the members of the Belgian CJD surveillance network for referring CJD patients. We also thank Prof. J. Ironside (Edinburgh, UK) and Dr. R. Sanchez-Valle (Barcelona, Spain) for providing tissue slides of CJDhigh patients. The authors further thank the Fund for Scientific Research (FWO) for supporting this research. B.V.E. is a postdoctoral researcher of the Fund for Scientific Research (FWO).
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Van Everbroeck, B., Dobbeleir, I., De Waele, M. et al. Extracellular protein deposition correlates with glial activation and oxidative stress in Creutzfeldt-Jakob and Alzheimer’s disease. Acta Neuropathol 108, 194–200 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-004-0879-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-004-0879-2