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Anatomie und Immunologie des Auges

Anatomy and immunology of the eye

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Zusammenfassung

Das Auge verfügt über alle Mechanismen, die zur Erkennung und Prozessierung (afferente Immunreaktion) sowie adäquaten Initiierung einer (efferenten) Immunantwort notwendig sind. An der afferenten Reaktion können neben den typischen antigenprozessierenden Zellen auch ortsständige Zellen (Gliazellen, retinales Pigmentepithel) beteiligt sein. Für die efferente Reaktion existiert ein komplexes, regulatives System, das zelluläre und humorale Mechanismen einschließt und wesentlich durch Oberflächenmoleküle bestimmt wird. Zudem ist die okuläre Umgebung reich an immunsuppressiven Molekülen, die zur Regulierung der Immunzellen beitragen. Die Anpassung der anatomischen und biochemischen Mechanismen zur Schaffung einer immunprivilegierten Mikroumgebung macht dieses Sinnesorgan einzigartig. Mit diesem Beitrag sollen die Besonderheiten des Auges und ein Bezug zu häufigen okularen Manifestationen bei rheumatologischen Erkrankungen hergestellt werden.

Abstract

The eye has all the mechanisms necessary for detection and processing (afferent immune reaction) as well as adequate initiation of an (efferent) immune response. Apart from the typical antigen-processing cells, locally present elements (e.g. glial cells and retinal pigment epithelium) can also be involved in the afferent reaction. For the efferent mechanisms a complex regulative system exists, which includes cellular and humoral responses and is essentially determined by surface molecules. In addition, the ocular environment is rich in immunosuppressive molecules that contribute to the regulation of immune cells. The adaptation of the anatomical and biochemical mechanisms for the creation of an immune-privileged microenvironment makes this sense organ unique. The purpose of this article is to highlight the specific features of the eye and to establish a reference to frequent ocular manifestations in rheumatic diseases.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universitäts-Augenklinik, Uveitis Zentrum, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland

    U. Pleyer FEBO &  D. Pohlmann

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  1. U. Pleyer FEBO
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  2. D. Pohlmann
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Correspondence to U. Pleyer FEBO.

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Interessenkonflikt

U. Pleyer und D. Pohlmann geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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I. Kötter, Hamburg

H.-I. Huppertz, Bremen

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Pleyer, U., Pohlmann, D. Anatomie und Immunologie des Auges. Z Rheumatol 76, 656–663 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00393-017-0344-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00393-017-0344-y

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