Skip to main content
Log in

Klappenvitien im Erwachsenenalter

  • LEITLINIEN
  • Published:
Clinical Research in Cardiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  1. Adam D, Gahl K, von Gravenitz H et al (1998) Revidierte Empfehlungen zur Prophylaxe bakterieller Endokarditiden. Z Kardiol 87:566–568

    Google Scholar 

  2. Alfieri O, Maisano F, De Bonis M, Stefano PL, Torracca L, Oppizzi M, La Canna G (2001) The double-orifice technique in mitral valve repair: a simple solution for complex problems. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 122:674–681

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Amato MC, Moffa PJ, Werner KE, Ramires JA (2001) Treatment decision in asymptomatic aortic valve stenosis: role of exercise testing. Heart 86:381–386

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Avierinos J-F, Brown RD, Foley DA, Nkomo V, Petty GW, Scott C, Enriquez- Sarano M (2003) Cerebral ischemic events after diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse: a community-based study of incidence and predictive factors. Stroke 34:1339–1345

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Bates SM, Greer IA, Hirsh J, Ginsberg JS (2004) Use of antithrombotic agents during pregnancy: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest 126(3 Suppl):627S–644S

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Bolen JL, Alderman EL (1976) Hemodynamic consequences of afterload reduction in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation. Circulation 53:879–883

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Bonow RO, Lakatos E, Maron BJ, Epstein SE (1991) Serial long-term assessment of the natural history of asymptomatic patients with chronic aortic regurgitation and normal left ventricular systolic function. Circulation 84:1625–1635

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Bonow RO, Carabello B, de Leon AC Jr et al (1998) ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease). J Am Coll Cardiol 32:1486–1588

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Butchart EG, Gohlke-Barwolf C, Antunes MJ et al (2005) Recommendations for the management of patients after heart valve surgery. Eur Heart J 26:2463–2471

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Carpentier A (1983) Cardiac valve surgery “the “French correction” J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 86:323–337

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Cheitlin MD, Douglas PS, Parmley WW (1994) 26th Bethesda conference: recommendations for determining eligibility for competition in athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities. Task Force 2: acquired valvular heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 24:874–880

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Chen CR, Cheng TO, Huang T, Zhou YL, Chen JY, Huang YG, Li HJ (1996) Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty for pulmonary stenosis in adolescents and adults. N Engl J Med 335:21–25

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Chockalingam A, Venkatesan S, Subramaniam T et al (2004) Safety and efficacy of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in symptomatic severe aortic stenosis: Symptomatic Cardiac Obstruction-Pilot Study of Enalapril in Aortic Stenosis (SCOPE-AS). Am Heart J 147:E19

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Connolly HM, Oh JK, Orszulak TA et al (1997) Aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis with severe left ventricular dysfunction. Prognostic indicators. Circulation 95:2395–2400

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Connolly HM, Oh JK, Schaff HV, Roger VL, Osborn SL, Hodge DO, Tajik AJ (2000) Severe aortic stenosis with low transvalvular gradient and severe left ventricular dysfunction: result of aortic valve replacement in 52 patients. Circulation 101:1940–1946

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Coulshed N, Epstein EJ, McKendrick CS, Galloway RW, Walker E (1970) Systemic embolism in mitral valve disease. Br Heart J 32:26–34

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Craige E (1957) Phonocardiographic studies in mitral stenosis. N Engl J Med 257:650–654

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Daniel WG, Mügge A, Martin RP et al (1991) Improvement in the diagnosis of abscesses associated with endocarditis by transesophageal echocardiography. N Engl J Med 324:795–800

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Das P, Rimington H, Chambers J (2005) Exercise testing to stratify risk in aortic stenosis. Eur Heart J 26:1309–1313

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Davies SW, Gershlick AH, Balcon R (1991) Progression of valvar aortic stenosis: a long-term retrospective study. Eur Heart J 12:10–14

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. deFilippi CR, Willett DL, Brickner ME, Appleton CP, Yancy CW, Eichhorn EJ, Grayburn PA (1995) Usefulness of dobutamine echocardiography in distinguishing severe from nonsevere valvular aortic stenosis in patients with depressed left ventricular function and low transvalvular gradients. Am J Cardiol 75:191–194

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Del Campo C, Sherman JR (2000) Tricuspid valve replacement: Results comparing mechanical and biological prostheses. Ann Thorac Surg 69:1295

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Diker E, Aydogdu S, Ozdemir M et al (1996) Prevalence and predictors of atrial fibrillation in rheumatic valvular heart disease. Am J Cardiol 77:96–108

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Discigil B, Dearani JA, Puga FJ, Schaff HV, Hagler DJ, Warnes CA, Danielson GK (2001) Late pulmonary valve replacement after repair of tetralogy of Fallot. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 121:344–351

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Disse S, Abergel E, Berrebi A et al (1999) Mapping of a first locus for autosomal dominant myxomatous mitral-valve prolapse to chromosome 16 p11.2–p12.1. Am J Hum Genet 65: 1242–1251

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Dubin AA, March HW, Chon K, Selzer A (1971) Longitudinal hemodynamic and clinical study of mitral stenosis. Circulation 44:381–389

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Eagle KA, Guyton RA, Davidoff R et al (2004) American College of Cardiology; American Heart Association. ACC/AHA 2004 guideline update for coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Update the 1999 Guidelines for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery). Circulation 110:e340–e437

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Eslami M, Rahimtoola SH (2003) Prophylactic aortic valve replacement in older patients with mild aortic stenosis during coronary artery surgery. Am J Geriatr Cardiol 12:197–200

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Evangelista A, Tornos P, Sambola A, Permanyer-Miralda G, Soler-Soler J (2005) Long-term vasodilator therapy in patients with severe aortic regurgitation. N Engl J Med 353:1342–1349

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Faggiano P, Ghizzoni G, Sorgato A, Sabatini T, Simoncelli U, Gardini A, Rusconi C (1992) Rate of progression of valvular aortic stenosis in adults. Am J Cardiol 70:229–233

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Filsoufi F, Aklog L, Adams DH, Byrne JG (2002) Management of mild to moderate aortic stenosis at the time of coronary artery bypass grafting. J Heart Valve Dis 11(Suppl 1):S45–S49

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Flachskampf FA, Weyman AE, Gillam L, Liu CM, Abascal VM, Thomas JD (1990) Aortic regurgitation shortens Doppler pressure half-time in mitral stenosis: theoretical analysis, in vitro modelling, and clinical evidence. J Am Coll Cardiol 16:396–404

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Freed LA, Levy D, Levina RA et al (1999) Prevalence and clinical outcome of mitral-valve prolapse. N Engl J Med 341:1–10

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Freed LA, Acierno JS, Dai D et al (2003) A locus for autosomal dominant mitral valve prolapse on chromosome 11 p15.4. Am J Hum Genet 72:1551–1559

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Fuster V, Ryden L, Asinger RW, American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association/European Society of Cardiology Board et al (2001) ACC/AHA/ESC guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 38:1231–1266

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Gao G, Wu Y, Grunkemeier GL, Furnary AP, Starr A (2004) Durability of pericardial versus porcine aortic valves. J Am Coll Cardiol 44:384–388

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Gillinov AM, Cosgrove DM, Blackstone EH et al (1998) Durability of mitral valve repair for degenerative disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 116:734–743

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Gillinov AM, Garcia MJ (2005) When is concomitant aortic valve replacement indicated in patients with mild to moderate stenosis undergoing coronary revascularization? Curr Cardiol Reports 7:101–104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Gilon D, Buonanno FS, Joffe MM, Leavitt M, Marshall JE, Kistler P, Levine RA (1999) Lack of evidence of an association between mitral valve prolapse and stroke in young patients. N Engl J Med 341:8–13

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Gordon SP, Douglas PS, Come PC, Manning WJ (1992) Two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic determinants of the natural history of mitral valve narrowing in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis: implications for follow-up. J Am Coll Cardiol 19:968–973

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Greenberg B, Massie B, Bristow JD et al (1988) Long-term vasodilator therapy of chronic aortic insufficiency. A randomized double-blinded placebo controlled clinical trial. Circulation 78:92–103

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Grover FL, Cohen DJ, Oprian C, Henderson WG, Sethi G, Hammermeister KE (1994) Determinants of the occurrence of and survival from prosthetic valve endocarditis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 108:207–214

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Hatle L, Angelsen B, Tromsdal A (1979) Noninvasive assessment of atrioventricular pressure half-time by Doppler ultrasound. Circulation 60:1096–1104

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Hilton TC (2000) Aortic valve replacement for patients with mild to moderate aortic stenosis undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Clin Cardiol 23:141–147

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Horstkotte D, Schulte HD, Niehues R, Klein RM, Piper C, Strauer BE (1993) Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations in acute, severe mitral regurgitation: experience in 42 consecutive patients entering the intensive care unit with pulmonary edema. J Heart Valve Dis 2:512–522

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Horstkotte D, Piper C, Niehues R, Wiemer M, Schultheiss HP (1995) Late prosthetic valve endocarditis. Eur Heart J 16(Suppl B):39–47

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Horstkotte D, Follath F, Gutschik E et al; Task Force Members on Infective Endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology (2004) Guidelines on Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Infective Endocarditis. Eur Heart J 25:267–276

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Iung B, Garbarz E, Michaud P et al (1999) Late results of percutaneous mitral commissurotomy in a series of 1024 patients: analysis of late clinical deterioration: frequency, anatomical findings, and predictive factors. Circulation 99:3272–3278

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Iung B, Gohlke-Bärwolf C, Tornos P et al; on behalf of the Working Group on Valvular Heart Disease (2002) Working Group Report: Recommendations on the management of the asymptomatic patient with valvular heart disease. Eur Heart J 23:1253–1266

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Iung B, Baron G, Butchart EG et al (2003) A prospective survey of patients with valvular heart disease in Europe: the Euro Heart Survey on Valvular Heart Disease. Eur Heart J 24:1231–1243

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Iung B, Nicoud-Houel A, Fondard O et al (2004) Temporal trends in percutaneous mitral commissurotomy over a 15-year period. Eur Heart J 25(8):701–707

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Kalmar P, Irrgang E; German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (2004) Cardiac Surgery in Germany during 2003: a report by the German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 52:312–317

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Kar AK, Rath PC, Sinha N, Haridas KK, Dasbiswas A, Kerkar P, Kumar R; Non-Coronary Cardiac Intervention Registry of India; Cardiological Society of India (2003) Noncoronary cardiac interventions. The 3rd report of the Non-Coronary Cardiac Interventions Registry of India. The Cardiological Society of India. Indian Heart J 55:658–562

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Karagounis A, Valencia O, Chandrasekaran V, Smith J, Brecker S, Jahangiri M (2004) Management of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery with mild to moderate aortic stenosis. J Heart Valve Dis 13:369–373

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Körtke H, Gohlke-Bärwolf C, Heik SCW, Horstkotte D, Körfer R (1998) Empfehlungen zum INR — Selbstmanagement bei oraler Antikoagulation. Z Kardiol 87:983–985

    Google Scholar 

  56. Lancellotti P, Lebrun F, Pierard LA (2004) Determinants of exercise-induced changes in mitral regurgitation in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol 42:1921–1928

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Langer F, Aicher D, Kissinger A, Wendler O, Lausberg H, Fries R, Schafers HJ (2004) Aortic valve repair using a differentiated surgical strategy. Circulation 110, 11(Suppl 1):II67–I173

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Leavitt JI, Coats MH, Falk RH (1991) Effects of exercise on transmitral gradient and pulmonary artery pressure in patients with mitral stenosis or a prosthetic mitral valve: a Doppler echocardiographic study. J Am Coll Cardiol 17:1520–1526

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Leport C, and the Endocarditis Working Group of the International Society of Chemotherapy (1998) Antibiotic prophylaxis for infective endocarditis. Clin Microbiol Infect 4(Suppl 3):S56–S61

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Levine HJ, Gaasch WH (1996) Vasoactive drugs in chronic regurgitant lesions of the mitral and aortic valves. J Am Coll Cardiol 28:1083–1091

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Lin M, Chiang HT, Lin SL, Chang MS, Chiang BN, Kuo HW, Cheitlin MD (1994) Vasodilator therapy in chronic asymptomatic aortic regurgitation: enalapril versus hydralazine therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 24:1046–1053

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Lindroos M, Kupari M, Heikkila J, Tilvis R (1993) Prevalence of aortic valve abnormalities in the elderly: an echocardiographic study of a random population sample. J Am Coll Cardiol 21:1220–1225

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Lowes BD, Gill EA, Abraham WT, Larrain JR, Robertson AD, Bristow MR, Gilbert EM (1999) Effects of carvedilol on left ventricular mass, chamber geometry, and mitral regurgitation in chronic heart failure. Am J Cardiol 83:1201–1205

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Marks AR, Choong CY, Sanfilippo AJ, Ferre M, Weyman AE (1989) Identification of high-risk and low-risk subgroups of patients with mitral-valve prolapse. N Engl J Med 320:1031–1036

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Martin RP, Rakowski H, Kleiman JH, Beaver W, London E, Popp RL (1979) Reliability and reproducibility of two dimensional echocardiographic measurement of the stenotic mitral valve orifice area. Am J Cardiol 43:560–568

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Miller RR, Vismara LA, DeMaria AN, Salel AF, Mason DT (1976) Afterload reduction therapy with nitroprusside in severe aortic regurgitation: improved cardiac performance and reduced regurgitant volume. Am J Cardiol 38:564–567

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Mohler ER 3rd, Gannon F, Reynolds C, Zimmerman R, Keane MG, Kaplan FS (2001) Bone formation and inflammation in cardiac valves. Circulation 103:1522–1528

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Møller JE, Connolly HM, Rubin J, Seward JB, Modesto K, Pellikka PA (2003) Factors associated with progression of carcinoid heart disease. N Engl J Med 348:1005–1015

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Monin JL, Quere JP, Monchi M et al (2003) Low-gradient aortic stenosis: operative risk stratification and predictors for long-term outcome: a multicenter study using dobutamine stress hemodynamics. Circulation 108:319–324

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Naber CK (2004) S2-Leitlinie zur Diagnostik und Therapie der infektiösen Endokarditis. Z Kardiol 93:1005–1021

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Nasuti JF, Zhang PJ, Feldman MD et al (2004) Fibrillin and other matrix proteins in mitral valve prolapse syndrome. Ann Thorac Surg 77:532–536

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Nishimura RA, McGoon MD, Shub C, Miller FA Jr, Ilstrup DM, Tajik AJ (1985) Echocardiographically documented mitral-valve prolapse: longterm follow-up of 237 patients. N Engl J Med 313:1305–1309

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. O’Brien KD, Reichenbach DD, Marcovina SM, Kuusisto J, Alpers CE, Otto CM (1996) Apolipoproteins B, (a), and E accumulate in the morphologically early lesion of ‘degenerative-valvular aortic stenosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 16:523–532

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. O’Brien KD, Zhao XQ, Shavelle DM et al (2004) Hemodynamic effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, in patients with mild to moderate aortic stenosis and preserved left ventricular function. J Investig Med 52:185–191

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Odell JA, Mullany CJ, Schaff HV, Orszulak TA, Daly RC, Morris JJ (1996) Aortic valve replacement after previous coronary artery bypass grafting. Ann Thorac Surg 62:1424–1430

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Otto CM, Pearlman AS, Gardner CL (1989) Hemodynamic progression of aortic stenosis in adults assessed by Doppler echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 13:545–550

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Otto CM, Burwash IG, Legget ME et al (1997) Prospective study of asymptomatic valvular aortic stenosis. Clinical, echocardiographic, and exercise predictors of outcome. Circulation 95:2262–2270

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Otto CM, Lind BK, Kitzman DW, Gersh BJ, Siscovick DS (1999) Association of aortic-valve sclerosis with cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in the elderly. N Engl J Med 341:142–147

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Palacios IF, Sanchez PL, Harrell LC, Weyman AE, Block PC (2002) Which patients benefit from percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty? Circulation 105:1465–1471

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Pellikka PA, Nishimura RA, Bailey KR, Tajik AJ (1990) The natural history of adults with asymptomatic, hemodynamically significant aortic stenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 15:1012–1017

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Peter M, Hoffmann A, Parker C, Luscher T, Burckhardt D (1993) Progression of aortic stenosis. Role of age and concomitant coronary artery disease. Chest 103:1715–1719

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Pierard LA, Lancellotti P (2004) The role of ischemic mitral regurgitation in the pathogenesis of acute pulmonary edema. N Engl J Med 351:1627–1634

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Piper C, Wiemer M, Schulte HD, Horstkotte D (2001) Stroke is not a contraindication for urgent valve replacement in acute infective endocarditis. J Heart Valve Dis 10:703–711

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Piper C, Körfer R, Horstkotte D (2001) Prosthetic valve endocarditis. Heart 85:590–593

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Piper C, Hetzer R, Körfer F, Bergemann R, Horstkotte D (2002) The importance of secondary mitral valve involvement in primary aortic valve endocarditis: the mitral kissing vegetation. Eur Heart J 23:79–86

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Rahimtoola SH, Durairaj A, Mehra A, Nuno I (2002) Current evaluation and management of patients with mitral stenosis. Circulation 106:1183–1188

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Rahimtoola SH (2003) Choice of prosthetic heart valve for adult patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 41:893–904

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Roger VL, Tajik AJ, Bailey KR, Oh JK, Taylor CL, Seward JB (1990) Progression of aortic stenosis in adults: new appraisal using Doppler echocardiography. Am Heart J 119:331–338

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Rosenhek R, Binder T, Porenta G et al (2000) Predictors of outcome in severe, asymptomatic aortic stenosis. N Engl J Med 343:611–617

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Rosenhek R, Maurer G, Baumgartner H (2002) Should early elective surgery be performed in patients with severe but asymptomatic aortic stenosis? Eur Heart J 23:1417–1421

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Rosenhek R, Klaar U, Schwemper M et al (2004) Mild and moderate aortic stenosis. Natural history and risk stratification by echocardiography. Eur Heart J 25:199–205

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Ross J Jr, Braunwald E (1968) Aortic stenosis. Circulation 38:61–77

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Rowe JC, Bland EF, Sprague HB (1960) The course of mitral stenosis without surgery: ten and twenty years perspectives. Ann Intern Med 52:741–749

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Salem DN, Stein PD, Al-Ahmad A, Bussey HI, Horstkotte D, Miller N, Pauker SG (2004) Antithrombotic therapy in valvular heart disease — native and prosthetic: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest 126(Suppl 3):457S–482S

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Sancaktar O, Kumbasar SD, Semiz E, Yalcinkaya S (1998) Late results of combined percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty of mitral and tricuspid valves. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn 45:246–250

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Schon HR, Dorn R, Barthel P, Schomig A (1994) Effect of 12 months quinapril therapy in asymptomatic patients with chronic aortic regurgitation. J Heart Valve Dis 3:500–509

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Scognamiglio R, Rahimtoola SH, Fasoli G, Nistri S, Dalla Volta S (1994) Nifedipine in asymptomatic patients with severe aortic regurgitation and normal left ventricular function. N Engl J Med 331:689–694

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Singh JP, Evans JC, Levy D et al (1999) Prevalence and clinical determinants of mitral, tricuspid, and aortic regurgitation (the Framingham Heart Study). Am J Cardiol 83:897–802

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Smith WT, Ferguson TB, Ryan T, Landolfo CK, Peterson ED (2004) Should coronary artery bypass surgery patients with mild or moderate aortic stenosis undergo concomitant aortic valve replacement? A decision analysis approach to the surgical dilemma. J Am Coll Cardiol 44:1241–1247

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Stewart BF, Siscovick D, Lind BK et al (1997) Clinical factors associated with calcific aortic valve disease. Cardiovascular Health Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 29:630–634

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. The Task Force on the Management of Cardiovascular Diseases During Pregnancy of the European Society of Cardiology (2003) Expert consensus document on management of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy. Eur Heart J 24:761–781

    Article  Google Scholar 

  102. Thomas JD, Wilkins GT, Choong CY, Abascal VM, Palacios IF, Block PC, Weyman AE (1988) Inaccuracy of mitral pressure half-time immediately after percutaneous mitral valvotomy: dependence on transmitral gradient and left atrial and ventricular compliance. Circulation 78:980–993

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Turina J, Hess O, Sepulcri F, Krayenbuehl HP (1987) Spontaneous course of aortic valve disease. Eur Heart J 8:471–483

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Vitale N, De Feo M, De Santo LS, Pollice A, Tedesco N, Cotrufo M (1999) Dose-dependent fetal complications of warfarin in pregnant women with mechanical heart valves. J Am Coll Cardiol 33:1637–1641

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Vuille C, Nidorf M, Weyman AE, Picard MH (1994) Natural history of vegetations during successful medical treatment of endocarditis. Am Heart J 128:1200–1209

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Wagner S, Selzer A (1982) Patterns of progression of aortic stenosis: a longitudinal hemodynamic study. Circulation 65:709–712

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Wu WC, Aziz GF, Sadaniantz A (2004) The use of stress echocardiography in the assessment of mitral valvular disease. Echocardiography 21:451–458

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Yee ES, Khonsari S (1989) Rightsided infective endocarditis: valvuloplasty, valvectomy or replacement. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 30:744–748

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to W. G. Daniel.

Additional information

Herausgegeben vom Vorstand der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie — Herz- und Kreislaufforschung e.V. Bearbeitet im Auftrag der Kommission für Klinische Kardiologie G. Ertl, D. Andresen, M. Böhm, M. Borggrefe, J. Brachmann, F. de Haan, A. Osterspey, S. Silber, H. J. Trappe außerdem G. Arnold, H.M. Hoffmeister, E. Fleck

Diese Leitlinie ist eine Stellungnahme der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie — Herz- und Kreislaufforschung e.V. (DGK), die den gegenwärtigen Erkenntnisstand wiedergibt und Ärzten und ihren Patienten die Entscheidungsfindung erleichtern soll. Eine Leitlinie ersetzt nicht die ärztliche Evaluation des individuellen Patienten und die Anpassung der Diagnostik und Therapie an dessen spezifische Situation.

Die Entwicklung Evidenz-basierter Leitlinien ist durch eine systematische Aufarbeitung und Zusammenstellung der besten verfügbaren wissenschaftlichen Evidenz gekennzeichnet. Die Herleitung des in der Leitlinie vorgeschlagenen Vorgehens ergibt sich allein aus der wissenschaftlichen Evidenz von Studien, wobei randomisierte, kontrollierte Studien bevorzugt werden. Der Zusammenhang zwischen der jeweiligen Empfehlung und der zugehörigen Evidenz-Stufe ist gekennzeichnet (s. Tab. 1).

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Daniel, W.G., Baumgartner, H., Gohlke-Bärwolf, C. et al. Klappenvitien im Erwachsenenalter. Clin Res Cardiol 95, 620–641 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-006-0458-8

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-006-0458-8

Keywords

Navigation