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Sensitivity of MJO simulations to diabatic heating profiles

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Abstract

The difficulty for global atmospheric models to reproduce the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is a long-lasting problem. In an attempt to understand this difficulty, simple numerical experiments are conducted using a global climate model. This model, in its full paramterization package (control run), is capable of producing the gross features of the MJO, namely, its planetary-scale, intraseasonal, eastward slow propagation. When latent heating profiles in the model are artificially modified, the characteristics of the simulated MJO changed drastically. Intraseasonal perturbations are dominated by stationary component over the Indian and western Pacific Oceans when heating profiles are top heavy (maximum in the upper troposphere). In contrast, when diabatic heating is bottom heavy (maximum in the lower troposphere), planetary-scale, intraseasonal, eastward propagating perturbations are reproduced with a phase speed similar to that of the MJO. The difference appears to come from surface and low-level moisture convergence, which is much stronger and more coherent in space when the heating profile is bottom heavy than when it is top heavy. These sensitivity experiments, along with other theoretical, numerical, and observational results, have led to a hypothesis that the difficulty for global models to produce the MJO partially is rooted in a lack of sufficient diabatic heating in the lower troposphere, presumably from shallow convection.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Brian Mapes, Eric Maloney, Paul Roundy, Jun-Ichi Yano and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. This study was support by the National Nature Science Foundation of China under grant no. 40575027 (Li, Jia, and Ling), by a grant from City University of Hong Kong under grant no. 7002329 (Zhou), and by US National Science Foundation under grant ATM0739402 (Zhang). Chidong Zhang thanks the Laboratory for Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences for hosting his visits in 2006 and 2007, during which he collaborated with LASG scientists on this study.

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  1. Laboratory for Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

    Chongyin Li, Xiaolong Jia & Jian Ling

  2. Institute of Meteorology, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China

    Chongyin Li

  3. National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China

    Xiaolong Jia

  4. City U-IAP Laboratory for Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

    Jian Ling & Wen Zhou

  5. University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, MPO, Miami, FL, 33149, USA

    Chidong Zhang

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  1. Chongyin Li
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Li, C., Jia, X., Ling, J. et al. Sensitivity of MJO simulations to diabatic heating profiles. Clim Dyn 32, 167–187 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-008-0455-x

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