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Antarctic bioprospecting: in pursuit of microorganisms producing new antimicrobials and enzymes

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Abstract

Intensive efforts are being made to find new compounds with antimicrobial activity. The search for these novel bio-products in sparsely explored environments may be the key to providing solutions for many emerging problems. Antarctic environments are valuable locations for bioprospecting. In this study, 63 cold-adapted bacterial strains of 6100 different colony morphotypes were isolated from Antarctic seawater samples around South Shetland and Deception islands. Strains were selected based on cold-active antimicrobial production and were grouped into 11 operational taxonomic units by internal spacer region-PCR and amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis. Isolates arbitrarily named 2D, 5D, and 6D were closely related to Halomonas titanicae, with 99.8, 98.9, and 96.7% identity according to 16S rDNA sequencing, and 99.7, 99.3, and 98.3% according to gyrB region sequence analysis, respectively. The isolate 18SH was closely related to Candida sake (99.2%) based on sequence analysis of the ITS1–5.8S rDNA–ITS2 and D1/D2 domain of 26S rDNA. Antimicrobials produced by isolates 2D, 5D, and 6D exhibited a low-molecular weight (< 6000 Da) and stability in wide pH and temperature ranges. When tested against foodborne and phytopathogenic bacteria, selected isolates exhibited a wide spectrum of activity. This work reports the isolation and identification of cold-adapted microorganisms with the ability to produce antimicrobial compounds with potential application in the pharmaceutical or in cold-chain management in the food industry. The current results highlight the potential of the Antarctic environment as a valuable and underexploited source of new antimicrobial molecules with exceptional properties for different biotechnological applications.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) and Instituto Antártico Argentino (IAA) for permitting us to work aboard the oceanographic ship Puerto Deseado—CONICET and all the crew for their help and assistance. We also thank Edanz Group (www.edanzediting.com/ac) for editing a draft of this manuscript.

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  1. PROIMI-CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina

    Mariana Elizabeth Danilovich & Leandro Arturo Sánchez

  2. CITCA-CONICET, Prado 366, 4700, San Fernando Del Valle De Catamarca, Catamarca, Argentina

    Federico Acosta & Osvaldo Daniel Delgado

  3. Fac. de Cs. Exactas y Naturales Universidad Nacional de Catamarca UNCa, Av. Belgrano 300, 4700, San Fernando Del Valle De Catamarca, Catamarca, Argentina

    Federico Acosta & Osvaldo Daniel Delgado

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  1. Mariana Elizabeth Danilovich
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Correspondence to Osvaldo Daniel Delgado.

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Danilovich, M.E., Sánchez, L.A., Acosta, F. et al. Antarctic bioprospecting: in pursuit of microorganisms producing new antimicrobials and enzymes. Polar Biol 41, 1417–1433 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-018-2295-4

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