Abstract
The haulout patterns of five adult and two juvenile crabeater seals (Lobodon carcinophaga) were documented from February to December 1995 in three areas of the Antarctic. The longest haulout event was 19.2 h (mean=7.9, median=7.8); the longest in-water event was 85.8 h (mean=15.1, median=14.2). In no month were more than 76% of the adult seals in our sample hauled-out simultaneously. Multivariate repeated measures analysis of variance tests revealed no difference between males and females in the daily timing of haulout (P>0.05) between March and August (the only months with an adequate sample); in contrast, haulout timing differed between juvenile and adult seals (P<0.05) except in May. Juveniles spent about twice as much time hauled-out on the ice as adults (38% vs 20%, respectively; P<0.05). Predator avoidance by juveniles is hypothesized to be a possible cause for these differences. In light of these haulout patterns, population surveys of crabeater seals conducted in February, and as close as possible to local solar noon, can be expected to encounter the highest proportion of seals hauled-out on ice.
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Notes
Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA.
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to A.S. Blix, I.L. Boyd, M.B. Hanson, and J.L. Laake for spirited and enjoyable assistance in the field. We also thank the crew of the United States Coast Guard Cutter Polar Star for their assistance, and especially the ship’s aviation detachment for its enthusiastic and talented support. P.L. Boveng, J.L. Laake, and F.B. Martin offered helpful suggestions regarding data analysis and interpretation, and M.N. Bester, M.Y. Ng, D.E. Withrow, A.E. York, and two anonymous reviewers provided constructive comments on the manuscript. This project was funded by the National Science Foundation’s Office of Polar Programs (OPP-9815961), the U.S. Department of State, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s National Marine Fisheries Service. The British Antarctic Survey, the University of Tromsø, and the Norwegian Research Council provided additional support.
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Bengtson, J.L., Cameron, M.F. Seasonal haulout patterns of crabeater seals (Lobodon carcinophaga). Polar Biol 27, 344–349 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-004-0597-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-004-0597-1