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Influence of stress hormones on the auxin homeostasis in Brassica rapa seedlings

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Stress hormones, particularly jasmonic acid, influenced root growth, auxin levels, and transcription of auxin amidohydrolase BrIAR3 in Brassica rapa seedlings, while auxin conjugate synthetases BrGH3.1 and BrGH3.9 were down-regulated by all treatments.

Abstract

The influence of stress hormones: jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and abscisic acid (ABA) on 1-day-old seedlings of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) was investigated with particular focus on auxin levels and the regulation of reversible auxin conjugation as a mechanism of auxin homeostasis. At the physiological level, stress hormones inhibited root growth, where JA was the most prominent inhibitor with an IC50 value 3.1 μM, which is one and two orders of magnitude lower than that found for ABA and SA, respectively. JA treatment significantly increased the total auxin content, by induction of free and conjugated forms. Also, the stress hormones affected the transcription of genes involved in the process of the reversible auxin conjugation: auxin amidohydrolases BrIAR3 and BrILL2, and auxin conjugate synthetases BrGH3.1 and BrGH3.9. JA treatment increased the transcript level of BrIAR3 two-fold, while it did not affect the transcription of BrILL2. SA and ABA down-regulated the transcription of both auxin amidohydrolase genes by 30 %. Transcription of both auxin conjugate synthetases was significantly down-regulated by all treatments by 30–70 %. Among the investigated biochemical stress markers, glutathione along with protein carbonylation appeared the most affected upon treatments. The redox status of the seedlings was shifted to the more oxidized state upon JA and ABA treatments, whereas SA caused more reduced redox state in comparison to the control. The principal component analysis visualized relationship among auxin and stress parameters upon treatments. Accordingly, the role of auxin in stress response of Brassica seedlings was discussed.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sports (Grant no. 098-0982913-2829), Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD) German-Croatian mobility Grant no. 50751505, Alexander von Humboldt-Foundation (Institutional partnership), and a doctoral fellowship to Ana Smolko granted by the National Croatian Science Foundation.

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  1. Ruđer Bošković Institute, P.O.Box 180, HR-10002, Zagreb, Croatia

    Branka Salopek-Sondi, Dunja Šamec, Snježana Mihaljević, Ana Smolko, Iva Pavlović & Iva Janković

  2. Institute of Botany, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany

    Jutta Ludwig-Müller

  3. Department of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia

    Branka Salopek-Sondi

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  1. Branka Salopek-Sondi
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Correspondence to Branka Salopek-Sondi.

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Communicated by P. Kumar.

A contribution to the Special Issue: Plant Hormone Signaling.

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Salopek-Sondi, B., Šamec, D., Mihaljević, S. et al. Influence of stress hormones on the auxin homeostasis in Brassica rapa seedlings. Plant Cell Rep 32, 1031–1042 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-013-1412-7

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