Abstract
Apple pomace was studied as a possible raw material for biobutanol production. Five different soft physicochemical pretreatments (autohydrolysis, acids, alkalis, organic solvents and surfactants) were compared in a high-pressure reactor, whose working parameters (temperature, time and reagent concentration) were optimised to maximise the amount of simple sugars released and to minimise inhibitor generation. The pretreated biomass was subsequently subjected to a conventional enzymatic treatment to complete the hydrolysis. A thermal analysis (DSC) of the solid biomass indicated that lignin was mainly degraded during the enzymatic treatment. The hydrolysate obtained with the surfactant polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) (1.96% w/w) contained less inhibitors than any other pretreatment, yet providing 42 g/L sugars at relatively mild conditions (100 °C, 5 min), and was readily fermented by Clostridium beijerinckii CECT 508 in 96 h (3.55 g/L acetone, 9.11 g/L butanol, 0.26 g/L ethanol; 0.276 gB/gS yield; 91% sugar consumption). Therefore, it is possible to optimise pretreatment conditions of lignocellulosic apple pomace to reduce inhibitor concentrations in the final hydrolysate and perform successful ABE fermentations without the need of a detoxification stage.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank Novozymes for kindly providing samples of their enzymes. Authors thank R. Antón del Río, N. del Castillo Ferreras and G. Sarmiento Martínez for their technical help.
Funding
The present work has been performed as part of the H2020-LCE-2015 Waste2Fuels project (sustainable production of next-generation biofuels from waste streams—Waste2Fuels; GA—654623), funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme. MH-V is supported by a postdoctoral contract (DOC-INIA, grant number DOC 2013-010) funded by the Spanish Agricultural and Agrifood Research Institute (INIA) and the European Social Fund.
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Hijosa-Valsero, M., Paniagua-García, A.I. & Díez-Antolínez, R. Biobutanol production from apple pomace: the importance of pretreatment methods on the fermentability of lignocellulosic agro-food wastes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 101, 8041–8052 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-017-8522-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-017-8522-z