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A vacuolar membrane protein affects drastically the biosynthesis of the ACV tripeptide and the beta-lactam pathway of Penicillium chrysogenum

  • Applied Microbial and Cell Physiology
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Abstract

The knowledge about enzymes’ compartmentalization and transport processes involved in the penicillin biosynthesis in Penicillium chrysogenum is very limited. The genome of this fungus contains multiple genes encoding transporter proteins, but very little is known about them. A bioinformatic search was made to find major facilitator supefamily (MFS) membrane proteins related to CefP transporter protein involved in the entry of isopenicillin N to the peroxisome in Acremonium chrysogenum. No strict homologue of CefP was observed in P. chrysogenum, but the penV gene was found to encode a membrane protein that contained 10 clear transmembrane spanners and two other motifs COG5594 and DUF221, typical of membrane proteins. RNAi-mediated silencing of penV gene provoked a drastic reduction of the production of the δ-(l-α-aminoadipyl-l-cysteinyl-d-valine) (ACV) and isopenicillin N intermediates and the final product of the pathway. RT-PCR and northern blot analyses confirmed a reduction in the expression levels of the pcbC and penDE biosynthetic genes, whereas that of the pcbAB gene increased. Localization studies by fluorescent laser scanning microscopy using Dsred and GFP fluorescent fusion proteins and the FM 4-64 fluorescent dye showed clearly that the protein was located in the vacuolar membrane. These results indicate that PenV participates in the first stage of the beta-lactam biosynthesis (i.e., the formation of the ACV tripeptide), probably taking part in the supply of amino acids from the vacuolar lumen to the vacuole-anchored ACV synthetase. This is in agreement with several reports on the localization of the ACV synthetase and provides increased evidence for a compartmentalized storage of precursor amino acids for non-ribosomal peptides. PenV is the first MFS transporter of P. chrysogenum linked to the beta-lactam biosynthesis that has been located in the vacuolar membrane.

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Acknowledgments

Marta Fernández-Aguado was supported by a grant for recent graduate researcher staff training program from the Junta de Castilla y León and co-financed by the European Social Fund [grant number Q2432001B]. We acknowledge the excellent technical assistance of A. Sánchez-Rodríguez, B. Martín, J. Merino, A. Casenave, and A. Mulero.

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  1. Institute of Biotechnology of León (INBIOTEC), Av. Real s/n, 24006, León, Spain

    Fernando Teijeira & Ricardo V. Ullán

  2. Area of Microbiology, Department of Molecular Biology, University of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071, León, Spain

    Marta Fernández-Aguado & Juan F. Martín

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  1. Marta Fernández-Aguado
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  2. Fernando Teijeira
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Fernández-Aguado, M., Teijeira, F., Martín, J.F. et al. A vacuolar membrane protein affects drastically the biosynthesis of the ACV tripeptide and the beta-lactam pathway of Penicillium chrysogenum . Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 97, 795–808 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-012-4256-0

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