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Critical evaluation of sample pretreatment techniques

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Abstract

Sample preparation before chromatographic separation is the most time-consuming and error-prone part of the analytical procedure. Therefore, selecting and optimizing an appropriate sample preparation scheme is a key factor in the final success of the analysis, and the judicious choice of an appropriate procedure greatly influences the reliability and accuracy of a given analysis. The main objective of this review is to critically evaluate the applicability, disadvantages, and advantages of various sample preparation techniques. Particular emphasis is placed on extraction techniques suitable for both liquid and solid samples.

Miniaturised extraction techniques allow sensitive analysis of also small sample volumes.

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Abbreviations

D-HS:

Dynamic head-space

GC:

Gas chromatography

HCC-HS:

High concentration capacity headspace techniques

HF:

Hollow-fibre

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

HS-SPME:

Head-space solid-phase microextraction

HS-SBSE:

Headspace sorptive extraction

HS-LPME:

Headspace liquid-phase microextraction

INCAT:

HS-SPDE, In-tube sorptive extraction

LC:

Liquid chromatography

LLE:

Liquid–liquid extraction

LPME:

Liquid-phase microextraction

MAE:

Microwave-assisted liquid extraction

MASE:

Membrane-assisted extraction

MEPS:

Microextraction with packed syringe

MESI:

Membrane extraction sorbent interface

MS:

Mass spectrometry

MSPD:

Matrix solid-phase dispersion

PHWE:

Pressurised hot water extraction

PLE:

Pressurised-liquid extraction

PTV:

Programmed-temperature vaporizer

SAE:

Sonication-assisted liquid extraction

SBSE:

Stir-bar sorptive extraction

SFE:

Supercritical-fluid extraction

S-HS:

Static head-space

SPE:

Solid-phase extraction

SLE:

Solid-liquid extraction

SPME:

Solid-phase microextraction

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Maj and Tor Nessling Foundation, Fredrikinkatu 20 B 16, 00120, Helsinki, Finland

    Tuulia Hyötyläinen

  2. Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014, Helsinki, Finland

    Tuulia Hyötyläinen

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  1. Tuulia Hyötyläinen
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Hyötyläinen, T. Critical evaluation of sample pretreatment techniques. Anal Bioanal Chem 394, 743–758 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-009-2772-2

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