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Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis consume high amounts of vegetables but insufficient dairy products and calcium to benefit from their virtues: the CoLaus/OsteoLaus cohort

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Abstract

Summary

We evaluated the associations between nutrients, dietary patterns or compliance to dietary guidelines and bone health among postmenopausal women from the CoLaus/OsteoLaus cohort. Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis consume a high amount of vegetables but insufficient amount of dairy products and calcium to benefit from their adherence to dietary guidelines.

Introduction

Diet plays a significant role in the prevention of osteoporosis (OP). We evaluated the associations between nutrients, dietary patterns or compliance (expressed in odds of meeting) to dietary Swiss guidelines and bone health (T score < − 2.5 SD, TBS < 1230) among postmenopausal women.

Methods

One thousand two hundred fifteen women (64.3 ± 7.5 years) from the CoLaus/OsteoLaus cohort (Lausanne, Switzerland) had their dietary intake assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular bone score (TBS) and vertebral fractures were evaluated with DXA. OP risk factors, calcium supplements (> 500 mg) and prevalent major OP fractures were assessed by questionnaire.

Results

One hundred eighty of 1195 women had OP according to BMD, 87/1185 a low TBS and 141/1215 prevalent major OP fractures. In multivariate analysis (adjusted for total energy intake, age, antiosteoporotic treatment, educational level, BMI, sedentary status and diabetes), OP women consumed more vegetable proteins (21.3 ± 0.4 vs 19.6 ± 0.2 g/day), more fibres (18.2 ± 0.5 vs 16.5 ± 0.2 g/day), less animal proteins (40.0 ± 1.1 vs 42.8 ± 0.4 g/day), less calcium (928 ± 30 vs 1010 ± 12 mg/day) and less dairy products (175 ± 12 vs 215 ± 5 g/day), all p ≤ 0.02. According to guidelines, OP women had a tendency to higher compliance for vegetables (OR (95% CI) 1.50 (0.99–2.26)) and a lower compliance for dairy (OR (95% CI) 0.44 (0.22–0.86)) than those without OP. Women taking calcium supplements consumed significantly higher amounts of dairy products. No association was found between TBS values or prevalent OP fractures and any dietary components.

Conclusion

Postmenopausal women with OP consume a high amount of vegetables but insufficient amount of dairy products and calcium. TBS does not seem to be influenced by diet.

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Funding

The CoLaus study was and is supported by research grants from GlaxoSmithKline, the Faculty of Biology and Medicine of Lausanne and the Swiss National Science Foundation (grants 33CSCO-122661, 33CS30-139468, 33CS30-148401). The OsteoLaus study was and is supported by research grants from Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV—Strategic plan funds) and the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant 32473B-156978). The funding source had no involvement in the study design, data collection, analysis and interpretation, writing of the report or decision to submit the article for publication.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Service of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland

    A. Lanyan, P. Marques-Vidal & O. Lamy

  2. Bone Unit, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland

    E. Gonzalez-Rodriguez, D. Hans & O. Lamy

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  1. A. Lanyan
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  2. P. Marques-Vidal
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  5. O. Lamy
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Contributions

Study design: AL, PMV and OL. Study conduct: PMV and OL. Data collection: AL. Data analysis: PMV. Data interpretation: AL, PMV and OL. Drafting manuscript: AL. Revising manuscript content: PMV, EGR, DH and OL. Approving final version of manuscript: AL, PMV, EGR, DH and OL. PMV takes responsibility for the integrity of the data analysis.

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Correspondence to O. Lamy.

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Lanyan, A., Marques-Vidal, P., Gonzalez-Rodriguez, E. et al. Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis consume high amounts of vegetables but insufficient dairy products and calcium to benefit from their virtues: the CoLaus/OsteoLaus cohort. Osteoporos Int 31, 875–886 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-019-05225-x

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