Abstract
A strengthened and generalized version of the standard Virtual Work Principle is shown to imply, in addition to bulk and boundary balances, a one-to-one correspondence between surface and edge hypertractions and hyperstress fields in second-gradient continua. When edge hypertractions are constitutively taken null, the hyperstress is shown to take the form it has for a relevant example of second-gradient fluid-like material, referred to as a Navier–Stokes—α fluid.
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Communicated by P. Rosakis.
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Podio-Guidugli, P., Vianello, M. Hypertractions and hyperstresses convey the same mechanical information. Continuum Mech. Thermodyn. 22, 163–176 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00161-010-0135-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00161-010-0135-z