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QTL detection for wheat kernel size and quality and the responses of these traits to low nitrogen stress

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Abstract

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QTLs for kernel characteristics and tolerance to N stress were identified, and the functions of ten known genes with regard to these traits were specified.

Abstract

Kernel size and quality characteristics in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) ultimately determine the end use of the grain and affect its commodity price, both of which are influenced by the application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer. This study characterized quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for kernel size and quality and examined the responses of these traits to low-N stress using a recombinant inbred line population derived from Kenong 9204 × Jing 411. Phenotypic analyses were conducted in five trials that each included low- and high-N treatments. We identified 109 putative additive QTLs for 11 kernel size and quality characteristics and 49 QTLs for tolerance to N stress, 27 and 14 of which were stable across the tested environments, respectively. These QTLs were distributed across all wheat chromosomes except for chromosomes 3A, 4D, 6D, and 7B. Eleven QTL clusters that simultaneously affected kernel size- and quality-related traits were identified. At nine locations, 25 of the 49 QTLs for N deficiency tolerance coincided with the QTLs for kernel characteristics, indicating their genetic independence. The feasibility of indirect selection of a superior genotype for kernel size and quality under high-N conditions in breeding programs designed for a lower input management system are discussed. In addition, we specified the functions of Glu-A1, Glu-B1, Glu-A3, Glu-B3, TaCwi-A1, TaSus2, TaGS2-D1, PPO-D1, Rht-B1, and Ha with regard to kernel characteristics and the sensitivities of these characteristics to N stress. This study provides useful information for the genetic improvement of wheat kernel size, quality, and resistance to N stress.

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Abbreviations

GPC:

Grain protein content

WGC:

Wet gluten content

DT:

Dough tractility

TW:

Test weight

ABS:

Water absorption

ZEL:

Zeleny sedimentation value

KH:

Kernel hardness

KL:

Kernel length

KW:

Kernel width

KDR:

Kernel diameter ratio

TKW:

Thousand-kernel weight

KRT:

Kernel-related trait

KRTDV:

Differences in the value for a kernel-related trait between the high-nitrogen and low-nitrogen treatments

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31471573), the National Basic Research Program of China (2014CB138100), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. XDA08030107) and the Ministry of Agriculture of China (No. CARS-03-03B).

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    1. Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050021, China

      Fa Cui, Xiaoli Fan, Mei Chen, Na Zhang, Chunhua Zhao, Wei Zhang, Jie Han, Jun Ji & Junming Li

    2. Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China

      Xiaoli Fan & Tao Wang

    3. Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China

      Xueqiang Zhao & Yiping Tong

    4. Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, 453000, China

      Lijuan Yang & Zongwu Zhao

    5. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China

      Mei Chen, Na Zhang & Jie Han

    6. State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China

      Fa Cui, Chunhua Zhao, Wei Zhang, Jun Ji, Xueqiang Zhao, Yiping Tong & Junming Li

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    F. Cui, X. Fan, and M. Chen contributed equally to this work.

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    Cui, F., Fan, X., Chen, M. et al. QTL detection for wheat kernel size and quality and the responses of these traits to low nitrogen stress. Theor Appl Genet 129, 469–484 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-015-2641-7

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