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FT genome A and D polymorphisms are associated with the variation of earliness components in hexaploid wheat

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Abstract

The transition from vegetative to floral meristems in higher plants is determined by the coincidence of internal and environmental signals. Contrary to the photoperiod pathway, convergent evolution of the cold-dependent pathway has implicated different genes between dicots and monocots. Whereas no association between natural variation in vernalization requirement and Flowering time locus T (FT) gene polymorphism has been described in Arabidopsis, recent studies in Triticeae suggest implication of orthologous copies of FT in the cold response. In our study, we show that nucleotide polymorphisms on A and D copies of the wheat FT gene were associated with variations for heading date in a collection of 239 lines representing diverse geographical origins and status (landraces, old or recent cultivars). Interestingly, polymorphisms in the non-coding intronic region were strongly associated to flowering variation observed on plants grown without vernalization. But differently from VRN1, no epistatic interaction between FT homeologous copies was revealed. In agreement with the results of association study, the A and D copies of FT were mapped in regions including major QTLs for earliness traits in hexaploid wheat. This work, by identifying additional homeoalleles involved in wheat vernalization pathway, will contribute to a better understanding of the control of flowering, hence providing tools for the breeding of varieties with enhanced adaptation to changing environments.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank C. Ridel, S. Mezi, F. Dumas, N. Galic, and M. T. Marcombes for their technical assistance. This work was supported by a French German Gabi-Génoplante project entitled “Bridging genomics and genetic diversity: associations between gene polymorphism and trait variation in cereals”.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. UMR de Génétique Végétale, INRA/CNRS/UPS/INA-PG, Ferme du Moulon, 91190, Gif/Yvette, France

    Isabelle Bonnin, Michel Rousset, Delphine Madur & Isabelle Goldringer

  2. INRA, Amélioration et Santé des Plantes, 234 Avenue du Brézet, 63100, Clermont-Ferrand, France

    Pierre Sourdille

  3. UR Etude du Polymorphisme des Génomes Végétaux (EPGV), INRA, Centre National du Génotypage, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057, EVRY cedex, France

    Céline Dupuits & Dominique Brunel

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  1. Isabelle Bonnin
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Correspondence to Isabelle Bonnin.

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Communicated by M. Morgante.

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Bonnin, I., Rousset, M., Madur, D. et al. FT genome A and D polymorphisms are associated with the variation of earliness components in hexaploid wheat. Theor Appl Genet 116, 383–394 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-007-0676-0

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