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Künstliche Intelligenz in der Psychiatrie – ein Überblick

Artificial intelligence in psychiatry—an overview

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Zusammenfassung

Die künstliche Intelligenz (KI) und die zugrunde liegenden Methoden des maschinellen Lernens und der neuronalen Netzwerke haben in den letzten Jahren dramatische Fortschritte gemacht und Leistungen in Domänen erreicht, die bis vor kurzem als spezifisch menschlich und für Computer nicht zugänglich galten. In diesem Überblick werden die diesen Fortschritten zugrunde liegenden methodischen Entwicklungen kurz dargestellt und in der Folge aktuelle und potenzielle Anwendungen auf die Psychiatrie in drei Bereichen diskutiert: Präzisionsmedizin und Biomarker, Verarbeitung natürlicher Sprache und KI-basierte psychotherapeutische Interventionen. Abschließend wird auf einige Risken dieser neuen Technologie hingewiesen.

Abstract

Artificial intelligence and the underlying methods of machine learning and neuronal networks (NN) have made dramatic progress in recent years and have allowed computers to reach superhuman performance in domains that used to be thought of as uniquely human. In this overview, the underlying methodological developments that made this possible are briefly delineated and then the applications to psychiatry in three domains are discussed: precision medicine and biomarkers, natural language processing and artificial intelligence-based psychotherapeutic interventions. In conclusion, some of the risks of this new technology are mentioned.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, J5, Zentralinstitut für seelische Gesundheit, 68159, Mannheim, Deutschland

    A. Meyer-Lindenberg

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Correspondence to A. Meyer-Lindenberg.

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Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Meyer-Lindenberg, A. Künstliche Intelligenz in der Psychiatrie – ein Überblick. Nervenarzt 89, 861–868 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-018-0557-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-018-0557-6

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