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Etiology of Crohn’s disease: many roads lead to autophagy

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Abstract

Crohn’s disease is a complex multifactor diseases that occur in individuals with genetic predisposition in whom environmental and microbial triggers cause a deleterious chronic immune response. Susceptibility to Crohn’s disease is influenced by common variants at many loci. Genetic studies have emphasized the role of host susceptibility in inflammatory bowel disease onset with the identification of about 100 risk loci, most of which encode proteins involved in immunity, host defense against microbes, and gut homeostasis. In this review, we focus on susceptibility genes related to autophagy in the etiology of Crohn’s disease (CD) and their complex interplay with the gut microbiota, as illustrated by the relationship between immunity-related GTPase family M alleles, microRNA, and xenophagy in CD predisposition.

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Acknowledgments

Studies in ADM laboratory are supported by grants from the Ministère de la Recherche et de la Technologie (JE2526, UMR 1071), from Inserm (UMR 1071), from INRA (USC 2018), and from Association F. Aupetit. Studies in PH laboratories were supported by the Institut National du Cancer [07/3D1616/Pdoc-110-32/NG-NC, PL0079, and INFLACOL, the European Community (MICROENVIMET, FP7-HEALTH-F2-2008-201279), and ARC.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Clermont Université, Université d’Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France

    Pierre Lapaquette & Arlette Darfeuille-Michaud

  2. Inserm U1071, Clermont-Ferrand, France

    Pierre Lapaquette & Arlette Darfeuille-Michaud

  3. INRA, USC2018, Clermont-Ferrand, France

    Pierre Lapaquette & Arlette Darfeuille-Michaud

  4. Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand, France

    Arlette Darfeuille-Michaud

  5. IRCAN, INSERM U1081, CNRS UMR 7284, Team 3, Nice, France

    Patrick Brest & Paul Hofman

  6. Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France

    Patrick Brest & Paul Hofman

  7. Biobank Unit, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nice, Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France

    Paul Hofman

  8. Laboratoire de Pathologie Clinique et Expérimentale, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nice, Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France

    Paul Hofman

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  1. Pierre Lapaquette
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  2. Patrick Brest
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  3. Paul Hofman
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  4. Arlette Darfeuille-Michaud
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Correspondence to Paul Hofman or Arlette Darfeuille-Michaud.

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Lapaquette, P., Brest, P., Hofman, P. et al. Etiology of Crohn’s disease: many roads lead to autophagy. J Mol Med 90, 987–996 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00109-012-0934-8

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