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Effects of varying attachment positions on palatal displacement of maxillary incisors with clear aligner therapy

A three-dimensional finite element analysis

Auswirkungen unterschiedlicher Attachment-Positionen auf die palatinale Verschiebung der oberen Inzisiven bei der Clear-Aligner-Therapie

Eine dreidimensionale Finite-Elemente-Analyse

  • Original Article
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Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

Clear aligner therapy (CAT) has evolved as an esthetic alternative to fixed appliance therapy. However, studies on the effects of attachments on CAT are scarce. This research was done to evaluate the effect of labial and/or palatal attachments on maxillary incisor displacement in CAT through finite element analysis (FEA).

Materials and methods

Finite element modeling was used to create four models with aligners. The following combinations were created: (1) without attachments (WO), (2) with labial attachments (WLA), (3) with palatal attachments (WPA), (4) with labial and palatal attachments (WLPA). Maximum displacement, directional displacement and stresses induced following a palatal displacement of 0.25 mm was evaluated for each of the four models.

Results

Models without attachments and those with palatal attachments showed a greater tooth movement at the incisal part of the crown (0.22 mm and 0.24 mm, respectively) than the models with labial and labiopalatal attachments (0.21 mm and 0.19 mm, respectively). The von Mises stresses were concentrated at the middle third of the roots in the model with the labial attachments (30.257 MPa), while in the other three models, stresses were concentrated at the cervical third of the roots.

Conclusions

Maximum displacement was seen at the incisal third of the maxillary incisors in the model with palatal attachments. The model without attachment generated the highest stresses. However, labial attachments as compared to other models appear to offer some biomechanical advantage by reducing uncontrolled tipping.

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die Therapie mit Clear Alignern (CAT) hat sich als ästhetische Alternative zur Therapie mit festsitzenden Apparaturen entwickelt. Es gibt jedoch nur wenige Studien über die Auswirkungen von Attachments auf eine CAT. In dieser Studie wurden die Auswirkungen labialer und/oder palatinaler Attachments auf die Verschiebung der Oberkieferschneidezähne bei der CAT mittels FEA (Finite-Elemente-Analyse) untersucht.

Materialien und Methoden

Mittels Finite-Elemente-Modellierung wurden 4 Modelle mit Alignern entwickelt. Die folgenden Kombinationen wurden angefertigt: (1) ohne Attachments (WO), (2) mit labialen Attachments (WLA), (3) mit palatinalen Attachments (WPA), (4) mit labialen und palatinalen Attachments (WLPA). Für jedes der 4 Modelle wurden die maximale Verschiebung, die direktionale Verschiebung und die nach einer palatinalen Verschiebung von 0,25 mm auftretenden Spannungen ermittelt.

Ergebnisse

Die Modelle ohne Attachments und die mit palatinalen Attachments zeigten eine größere Zahnbewegung am inzisalen Teil der Zahnkrone (0,22 bzw. 0,24 mm) als die Modelle mit labialen und labiopalatalen Attachments (0,21 bzw. 0,19 mm). Die Von-Mises-Spannungen waren beim Modell mit den labialen Attachments im mittleren Drittel der Wurzeln konzentriert (30,257 MPa), während sich die Spannungen bei den anderen 3 Modellen auf das zervikale Drittel der Wurzeln konzentrierten.

Schlussfolgerungen

Die maximale Verschiebung wurde im inzisalen Drittel der oberen Schneidezähne beim Modell mit palatinalen Attachments festgestellt. Das Modell ohne Attachment erzeugte die höchsten Spannungen. Allerdings scheinen labiale Attachments im Vergleich zu den anderen einen gewissen biomechanischen Vorteil zu bieten, da sie das unkontrollierte Kippen reduzieren.

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Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Contributions

T. Ahmed: Contributed to conception, design, data acquisition and interpretation, drafted and critically revised the manuscript; S. Padmanabhan: Contributed to conception, design, data acquisition and interpretation, performed all statistical analyses, drafted and critically revised the manuscript; H. Pottipalli Sathyanarayana: Contributed to conception, design, and critically revised the manuscript. All authors gave their final approval and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Thameem Ahmed.

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Conflict of interest

T. Ahmed, S. Padmanabhan and H. Pottipalli Sathyanarayana declare that they have no competing interests.

Ethical standards

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants or on human tissue were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1975 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Institutional Ethics Committee of Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India [Number CSP/19/JUN/78/245].

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Ahmed, T., Padmanabhan, S. & Pottipalli Sathyanarayana, H. Effects of varying attachment positions on palatal displacement of maxillary incisors with clear aligner therapy. J Orofac Orthop 84, 178–188 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-021-00374-3

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