Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Could community pharmacies help to improve youth health? Service availability and views of pharmacy personnel in New Zealand

  • Original Article
  • Published:
International Journal of Public Health

Abstract

Objectives

To investigate the availability of youth-relevant community pharmacy services in New Zealand (NZ), and the opinions of pharmacy personnel on the appropriateness of these services for young people aged 12–24.

Methods

Pharmacist and pharmacy support staff (PSS) questionnaires were developed collaboratively with a Youth Advisory Group (YAG) and were mailed to 500 randomly selected community pharmacies in NZ.

Results

Response rates for questionnaires were 50.5 % for pharmacists and 37.0 % for PSS. The majority of community pharmacies in NZ offer public health services relevant to youth health including emergency contraception, condoms, smoking cessation, weight management and harm reduction services for drug use. Not all pharmacy personnel believed these services are appropriate for youth, particularly for those aged 16 or under. PSS appeared less likely than pharmacists to feel services were appropriate.

Conclusions

Community pharmacies are offering an increasing range of youth-relevant health services, and may, therefore, be able to improve youth healthcare access. More research is required to investigate the barriers to young people accessing services from pharmacies, and also the challenges for pharmacy personnel in providing services to this age group.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Anderson C, Blenkinsopp A (2006) Community pharmacy supply of emergency hormonal contraception: a structured literature review of international evidence. Human Reprod 21:272

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baraitser P, Pearce V, Holmes J, Horne N, Boynton P (2007) Chlamydia testing in community pharmacies: evaluation of a feasibility pilot in south east London. BMJ 16:303

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beitz J (2004) Increasing access to reproductive health services through pharmacists. Outlook 21:1–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennett W, Petraitis C, D’Anella A, Marcella S (2003) Pharmacists’ knowledge and the difficulty of obtaining emergency contraception. Contraception 68:261–267

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blenkinsopp A, Anderson C, Armstrong M (2008) Community pharmacy’s contribution to improving the public’s health: the case of weight management. Int J Pharmacy Practice 16:123–125

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown H, Prescott R (2006) Applied mixed models in medicine. Wiley, Chichester

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Calabretto H (2009) Emergency contraception—knowledge and attitudes in a group of Australian university students. Aust NZ J Public Health 33:234–239

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carranza J (2003) What do Salvadoran teens think? Determining the feasibility of youth-friendly pharmacies: a focus group report. US Agency for International Development and Commercial Market Strategies Project, Washington, DC

  • Clark TC, Fleming T, Bullen P, Denny S, Crengle S, Dyson B, Fortune S, Lucassen M, Peiris-John R, Robinson E, Rossen F, Sheridan J, Teevale T, Utter J (2013) Youth’12 overview: the health and wellbeing of New Zealand secondary school students in 2012. University of Auckland, Auckland

    Google Scholar 

  • Conard LAE, Fortenberry JD, Blythe MJ, Orr DP (2003) Pharmacists’ attitudes toward and practices with adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 157:361–365. doi:10.1001/archpedi.157.4.361

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duff M (2013) Condom card aims to cut teen pregnancy. http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/health/9366125/Condom-card-aims-to-cut-teen-pregnancy. Accessed 7 Jan 2014

  • Duncan R, Sawyer S (2010) Respecting adolescents’ autonomy (as long as they make the right choice). J Adolesc Health 47(2):113–114

  • Eades CE, Ferguson JS, O’Carroll RE (2011) Public health in community pharmacy: a systematic review of pharmacist and consumer views. BMC Public Health 11:582. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-582

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Field AP (2009) Discovering statistics using SPSS. SAGE, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner J, Oftebro R (2003) Pharmacist partners in the care of children and adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 157:317

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hofstetter AM, Rosenthal SL (2013) Health care professional communication about STI vaccines with adolescents and parents. Vaccine. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.06.035

  • Horsfield E, Clark T, Kelly F, Sheridan J (2010) Youth-friendly pharmacies: exploring the role of community pharmacy in providing health care for young people in New Zealand. Youth Studies Australia 29:38

    Google Scholar 

  • Horsfield E, Kelly F, Clark T, Sheridan J (2013a) How youth-friendly are pharmacies in New Zealand? Surveying aspects of accessibility and the pharmacy environment using a youth participatory approach. Res Soc Adm Pharm

  • Horsfield E, Sheridan J, Kelly F, Robinson E, Clark T, Ameratunga S (2013b) Filling the gaps: opportunities for community pharmacies to help increase healthcare access for young people in New Zealand. Int J Pharmacy Practice

  • New Zealand Ministry of Health (2002) Youth health—a guide to action. Wellington

  • New Zealand Ministry of Youth Affairs (2002) Youth Development Strategy Aotearoa

  • New Zealand Citizens Advice Bureau. http://www.cab.org.nz/vat/gl/roi/Pages/LegalagesandID.aspx. Accessed 3 June 2014

  • Nolan M, Hanson E, Grant G, Keady J, Magnusson L (2007) User participation in health and social care research: voices, values, and evaluation. Open University Press, Maidenhead

    Google Scholar 

  • Offredy M (2002) Access to primary care: decision making by GP receptionists. Brit J Community Nursing 7:480–485

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prevost RR (2008) Pharmacy review: promoting physical activity in youth: a pharmacist’s reflections. Am J Lifestyle Med 2:40–42. doi:10.1177/1559827607309306

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Save the Children (2004) Youth-friendly pharmacies in Bolivia

  • Scahill S, Harrison J, Carswell P, Shaw J (2010) Health care policy and community pharmacy: implications for the New Zealand primary health care sector. NZ Med J 6

  • Sheridan J, Henderson C, Greenhill N, Smith A (2005) Pharmacy-based needle exchange in New Zealand: a review of services. Harm Reduct J 2:10. doi:10.1186/1477-7517-2-10

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sheridan J, Kelly F, Basheer M, Jan R, Lee A (2011) Can I help you? A qualitative study of pharmacist and pharmacy assistant views on the role of pharmacy assistants in New Zealand. Int J Pharm Pract 19:228–235. doi:10.1111/j.2042-7174.2011.00096.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sinclair H, Bond C, Stead L (2004) Community pharmacy personnel interventions for smoking cessation. Status and date: edited (no change to conclusions), Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4

  • Statistics New Zealand (2006) Census 2006

  • Summers D, Alpert I, Rousseau-Pierre T, Minguez M, Manigault S, Edwards S, Nucci A, Diaz A (2006) An exploration of the ethical, legal and developmental issues in the care of an adolescent patient. Mt Sinai J Med 73:592–595

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Toumbourou JW, Stockwell T, Neighbors C, Marlatt GA, Sturge J, Rehm J (2007) Interventions to reduce harm associated with adolescent substance use. Lancet 369:1391–1401. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60369-9

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tylee A, Haller D, Graham T, Churchill R, Sanci L (2007) Youth-friendly primary-care services: how are we doing and what more needs to be done? Lancet 369:1565–1573

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Viner RM, Barker M (2005) Young people’s health: the need for action. BMJ 330:901–903. doi:10.1136/bmj.330.7496.901

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Watson MC, Blenkinsopp A (2009) The feasibility of providing community pharmacy-based services for alcohol misuse: a literature review. Int J Pharmacy Practice 17:199–205. doi:10.1211/ijpp.17.04.0002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilkinson TA, Fahey N, Shields C, Suther E, Cabral HJ, Silverstein M (2012) Pharmacy communication to adolescents and their physicians regarding access to emergency contraception. Pediatrics 129:624–629. doi:10.1542/peds.2011-3760

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wingfield J, Badcott D (2007) Pharmacy ethics and decision making. Pharmaceutical Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organisation (2002) Adolescent friendly health services—an agenda for change, Geneva

  • World Health Organisation (2009) Quality assessment guidebook: a guide to assessing health services for adolescent clients, Geneva

Download references

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the Counties Manukau District Health Board Youth Advisory Group, Youthline Manukau and the study participants for their valued contribution to this research. Thank you also to Dr Nicola Celino and Marion Blumenstein for their help in the early stages of the study developement. This study was supported by University of Auckland and New Zealand Pharmacy Education and Research funding.

Conflict of interest

None to declare.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Emma Horsfield.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Horsfield, E., Kelly, F., Sheridan, J. et al. Could community pharmacies help to improve youth health? Service availability and views of pharmacy personnel in New Zealand. Int J Public Health 59, 789–798 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-014-0593-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-014-0593-3

Keywords

Navigation