Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Demographic change and response: Social context and the practice of birth control in six countries

  • Published:
Journal of Population Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper expands on Kingsley Davis’s demographic thesis of change and response. Specifically, we consider the social context that accounts for the primacy of particular birth control methods that bring about fertility change during specific time periods. We examine the relevance of state policy (including national family planning programs), the international population establishment, the medical profession, organized religion, and women’s groups using case studies from Japan, Russia, Puerto Rico, China, India, and Cameroon. Some of these countries are undergoing the second demographic transition, others the first. Despite variations in context, heavy reliance on sterilization and/or, abortion as a means of birth control is a major response in most of these countries. The key roles of the medical profession and state policy are discussed, along with the general lack of influence of religion and of women’s groups in these countries.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Avdeev, Alexander. 2001. The extent of the fertility decline in Russia: is the one-child family here to stay? Paper presented at IUSSP Seminar on International Perspectives on Low Fertility: Trends, Theories and Policies, Tokyo, 21–23 March.

  • Avdeev, Alexander and Alain Monnier. 2000. Marriage in Russia: a complex phenomenon poorly understood.Population: An English Selection 12:7–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Avdeev, Alexander and I. Troitskaia. 1999. New features in abortion dynamics in Russia in the 1990s. Paper presented at European Population Conference, The Hague, 30 August–3 September. 〈http://dmo.econ.msu.ru/demografia/Demographie/Fecondite/avdeev_EAPS99.pdf〉. Accessed: 8 May 2006.

  • Azize-Vargas, Yamila and Louis A. Aviles. 1997. Abortion in Puerto Rico: the limits of colonial legality.Reproductive Health Matters 9:56–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bahadur, K.P. 1997.Population Crisis in India. New Delhi: National Publishing House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Balakrishnan, R. 1994. The social context of sex selection and the politics of abortion in India. Pp. 266–283 in G. Sen and R.C. Snow (eds.),Power and Decision: The Social Control of Reproduction. Boston: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Balépa, Martin, Médard Fotso and Bernard Barrère. 1992.Enquête Démographique et de Santé, Cameroun 1991. Columbia MD: Direction Nationale du Deuxième Recensement Général de la Population et de l’Habitat [Cameroun] and Macro International Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Banister, J. 1987.China s Changing Population. Stanford CA: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Banister, J. 2004. Shortage of girls in China todayJournal of Population Research 21(1):19–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Basu, Alaka Malwade. 2005. Ultramodern contraception: social class and family planning in India.Asian Population Studies 1(3):303–323.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bose, A. 1995. The family welfare program in India: changing paradigm. Pp. 1–29 in H.M. Mathur (ed.),The Family Welfare Program in India New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bulatao, R.A., 1989. Toward a framework for understanding contraceptive method. Pp. 277–304 in R.A. Bulataoet al. (eds),Choosing a Contraceptive: Method Choice in Asia and the United States. Boulder: Westview Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bulatao, R.A., J.A. Palmore and S.A. Ward (eds). 1989.Choosing a Contraceptive: Method Choice in Asia and the United States. Boulder: Westview Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Calman, L.J. 1992.Toward Empowerment: Women and Movement Politics in India. Boulder: Westview Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Calvès, Anne E. and Dominique Meekers. 1997. The advantages of having many children for women in formal and informal unions in Cameroon.Journal of Comparative Family Studies 30(2):617–639.

    Google Scholar 

  • Center for Reproductive Law and Policy and Association of Women Jurists of Cameroon. 1999.Women s Reproductive Rights in Cameroon: A Shadow Report. New York: Center for Reproductive Law and Policy.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, Wei. 2004. Induced abortion in China: levels, trends and its role in fertility decline. Paper presented at Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America, Boston, 1–3 April.

  • Chhabra, R. and S.C. Nuna. 1994.Abortion in India: An Overview. New Delhi: Veerendra Printers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chilver, E.M. 1992. Women cultivators, cows and cash crops in Cameroon. Pp. 105–134 in S. Ardner (ed.),Persons and Powers of Women in Diverse Cultures: Essays in Commemoration of Audrey I. Richards, Phyllis Kaberry and Barbara E. Ward. New York: Berg Publishers Limited.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chu, Junhong. 2001. Prenatal sex determination and sex-selective abortion in rural central China.Population and Development Review 27(2):259–281.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, B. and M. Montgomery. 1998. Introduction. Pp. 1–38 in M. Montgomery, and B. Cohen (eds.)From Death to Birth: Mortality Decline and Reproductive Change. Washington DC: National Academy Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, Samuel. 1981. The cultural context of condom use in Japan.Studies in Family Planning 12(1):28–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Croll, E. 2000.Endangered Daughters: Discrimination and Development in Asia. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Das, N.P. and Devamoni Dey. 1998. Female age at marriage in India: trends and determinants.Demography India 27(1):91–115.

    Google Scholar 

  • DaVanzo, J. and C. Grammich, 2001.Dire Demographics: Population Trends in the Russian Federation, Santa Monica CA: RAND.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davin, D. 1992.Population Policy and Reform: The Soviet Union, Eastern Europe and China. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, K. 1951.The Population of India and Pakistan. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, Kingsley. 1963. The theory of change and response in modern demographic history.Population Index 29(4):345–366.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Arellano, Annette B. Ramirez and Conrad Seipp. 1983.Colonialism Catholicism, Contraception: A History of Birth Control in Puerto Rico. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Departmmento de Salud, Gobierno de Puerto Rico. 1997.Puerto Rico Reproductive Health Survey, 1995–1996 (English Language Preliminary Report). Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

    Google Scholar 

  • Desai, S. 1998. Engendering population policy. Pp. 44–69 in M. Krishnaraj, R. Sudarshan and A. Shariff (eds.),Gender, Population and Development. Delhi: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dmitrieva, Elena. 1996. Exercising reproductive rights in Russia.Choices — Sexual Health and Family Planning in Europe 25(2):18–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elvire Beleoken, Esther, Endale Nfon Priso and Dina Nfon Priso. 2000 Cameroon. In: S. Correa (ed.),Weighing Up Cairo: Evidence from Women in the South. Suva: DAWN.

    Google Scholar 

  • Endeley, J.B. 2001 Conceptualizing women’s empowerment in societies in Cameroon: how does money fit in? Pp. 34–41 in C. Sweetman (ed.),Gender Development and Money. Oxford: Oxfam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fotso, M., R. Ndonou, P.R. Libitéet al., 1999.Enquête Démographique et de Santé, Cameroun 1998. Calverton, MD: Bureau Central des Recensements et des Études de Population and Macro International Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gandhi, N. and N. Shah. 1992.The Issues at Stake: Theory and Practice in the Contemporary Women s Movement in India. New Delhi: Kali for Women.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goto, Aya, Chihaya Fujiyama-Koriyama, Akira Fukao and Michael R Reich. 2000. Abortion trends in Japan, 1975–95.Studies in Family Planning 31(4:301–308.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goto, Aya, Michael R. Reich and Iain Aitken 1999. Oral contraceptives and women’s health in Japan.Journal of the American Medical Association 282(22):2173–2177.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenhalgh, Susan. 2001. Fresh winds in Beijing: Chinese feminists speak out on the one-child policy and women’s lives.Signs 26(3):847–886.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenhalgh, Susan and Li, Jiali. 1995. Engendering reproductive policy and practice in peasant China: for a feminist demography of reproduction.Signs 20(3):601–641.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, U., P. Kumar, A. Bansal and M. Sood. 1996. Changing trends in the demographic profile and attitudes of female sterilization acceptors.Journal of Family Welfare 42(3):27–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardee-Cleaveland, Karen and Judith Banister. 1988. Fertility policy and implementation in China.Population and Development Review 14(2):245–286.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harkavy O. 1995.Curbing Population Growth: An Insider s Perspective on the Population Movement. New York: Plenum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartmann, B. 1995.Reproductive Rights and Wrongs: The Global Politics of Population Control. Cambridge: South End Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hatt, P.K. 1952.Backgrounds of Human Fertility in Puerto Rico. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haub, C. and O.P. Sharma. 2006. India’s population reality: reconciling tradition and change.Population Bulletin, 61(3). Washington DC: Population Reference Bureau.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heleniak, Timothy. 2001. Russia’s modest migration gains unlikely to stop population decline.Population Today May/June. Washington DC: Population Reference Bureau.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heleniak, Timothy. 2002.Russia s Demographic Decline Continues. 〈http://www.prb.org/Articles/2002/RussiasDemographic DeclineContinues.aspx〉. Washington DC: Population Reference Bureau. Accessed: 8 May 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henshaw, Stanley K., Susheela Singh and Taylor Haas. 1999. Recent trends in abortion rates worldwide.International Family Planning Perspectives 25(1):44–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hernandez Alvarez, J. 1967.Return Migration to Puerto Rico. Berkeley CA: Institute of International Studies.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hewitt, Paul S. 2003. The gray roots of Japan’s crisis. Pp. 4–9 inAsia Program Special Report 107. Washington DC: Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, K., G. Bicego and M. Mahy. 2001. Childhood mortality in Kenya: an examination of trends and determinants in the late 1980s to mid 1990s. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins School of Public Health. 〈http://www.jhsph.edu/popcenter/publications/pdf/WP01-01.pdf〉. Accessed: 8 May 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hollander, D. 1997. In post-Soviet Russia, fertility is on the decline: marriage and childbearing are occurring earlier.Family Planning Perspectives 29(2):92–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Institut National de la Statistique (INS) and ORC Macro. 2005.Enquête Démographique et de Santé du Cameroun 2004 Calverton MD: INS and ORC Macro.

    Google Scholar 

  • International Institute for Population Sciences, (IIPS). 1995.National Family Health Survey (MCH and Family Planning), India, 1992–93 Mumbai.

  • International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and ORC (Macro). 2001.National Family Health Survey-2, India, 1998–99. Mumbai.

  • International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF). 2002.Russia Country Profile. London.

  • Jitsukawa, Mariko and Carl Djerassi. 1994. Birth control in Japan: realities and prognosis.Science 265(5175):1048–1051

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson-Hanks, Jennifer. 2000. The lesser shame: abortion among educated women in southern Cameroon.Social Science and Medicine 55(8):1337–1349.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson-Hanks, Jennifer. 2002. On the modernity of traditional contraception: time and the social context of fertility.Population and Development Review 28(2):229–249.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman, Joan. 1993. The cost of IUD failure in China.Studies in Family Planning 24(3):194–196.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman, Joan, Zhang Zhirong, Qiao Xinjian and Zhang Yan. 1992. The quality of family planning services in rural China.Studies in Family Planning 23(2):73–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kihara, Masako Ono, Jane S. Kramer, Deborah Bain, Masahiro Kihara and Jeff Mandel. 2001. Knowledge of and attitudes toward the pill: results of a national survey in Japan.Family Planning Perspectives 33(3):123–127.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kinjo, K. 1995. Legal challenges to the status quo. Pp. 353–364 in K. Fujimara-Fanselow and A. Kameda (eds.),Japanese Women: New Feminist Perspectives on the Past, Present, and Future. New York: The Feminist Press at CUNY.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirk, Dudley. 1996. Demographic transition theory.Population Studies 50:361–387.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurian, N. J. 2000. Widening regional disparities in India: some indicators.Economic and Political Weekly (19–26 February): 538–550.

  • Lee, James, and Wang Feng. 1999. Malthusian models and Chinese realities: the Chinese demographic system 1700–2000.Population and Development Review 25(1): 33–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, L.M., P.M. Wortley, P.L. Fleming, L.J. Eldred and R.H. Gray. 2000. Duration of human immunodeficiency virus infection and likelihood of giving birth in a Medicaid population in Maryland.American Journal of Epidemiology 151: 1020–1028.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martine, George. 1996. Brazil’s fertility decline, 1965–95: a fresh look at key factors.Population and Development Review 22(1): 47–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Minkler, Meredith. 1977. Consultants or colleagues: the role of U.S. population advisors in India.Population and Development Review 3(4): 411.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muramatsu, M. 1974. The Japanese experience. Pp. 133–136 in H.P. David (ed.),Abortion Research: International Experience. Lexington MA: Lexington Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, Department of Information Collection and Analysis. 2003.Population Statistics of Japan 2003. Tokyo. <http://www.ipss.go.jp/p-info/e/psj2003/PSJ2003.pdf>. Accessed: 8 May 2006.

  • Norgren, T. 2001.Abortion before Birth Control: The Politics of Reproduction in Postwar Japan. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oaks, Laury. 1994. Fetal spirithood and fetal personhood: the cultural construction of abortion in Japan.Womens Studies International Forum 17(5): 511–523.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ogino, M. 2004. Reproductive technologies and the feminist dilemma in Japan. Presentation at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 28 April – May 1.

  • ORC Macro. 2005. Country statistics, Cameroon. <http://www.statcompiler.com/>. Accessed: 8 May 2006.

  • Panandiker, V.A. Pai and P.K. Umashankar. 1994. Fertility control and politics in India. Pp. 89–104 in J.L. Finkle and C.A. McIntosh (eds.)The New Politics of Population: Conflict and Consensus in Family Planning. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pathak, K. B., G. Feeney and N. Luther. 1998.Permanent Methods, Temporary Methods, and Fertility Decline in India. National Family Health Survey Subject Reports No. 7. Mumbai: International Institute for Population Sciences.

    Google Scholar 

  • Popov, Andrej A. 1995. Family planning in Russia in 1993–94: the role of NGOs in demonopolising population policy.Planned Parenthood in Europe 24(2): 26–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Popov, Andrej A. 1996. Family planning and induced abortion in post-Soviet Russia of the early 1990s: unmet needs in information supply. Pp. 84–112 in J. DaVanzo and G. Farnsworth (eds),Russias Demographic Crisis. Santa Monica: RAND Center for Russia and Eurasia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Popov, Andrej A. and Henry David. 1999. Russian Federation and USSR successor states. Pp. 223–277 in H.P. David (ed.),From Abortion to Contraception: A Resource to Public Policies and Reproductive Behavior in Central and Eastern Europe from 1917 to the Present Westport CT: Greenwood Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Popov, Andrej, A. Visser and Evert Ketting. 1993. Contraceptive knowledge, attitudes, and practice in Russia during the 1980s.Studies in Family Planning 24(4): 227–235.

    Google Scholar 

  • Population Reference Bureau (PRB). 2002.Family Planning Worldwide: 2002 Data Sheet. Data and Estimates of Contraceptive Use and Related Reproductive Health Indicators for the Countries and Regions of the World. Washington DC.

  • Population Reference Bureau (PRB). 2005.World Population Data Sheet 2005. Demographic Data and Estimates for the Countries and Regions of the World. Washington DC.

  • Poston, Dudley L. Jr. 1986. Patterns of contraceptive use in China.Studies in Family Planning 17: 217–227.

    Google Scholar 

  • Potter, Joseph E. 1999. The persistence of outmoded contraceptive regimes: the cases of Mexico and Brazil.Population and Development Review 25(4): 703–739.

    Google Scholar 

  • Presser, Harriet B. 1970. Voluntary sterilization: a world view.Reports on Population/Family Planning. New York: Population Council.

    Google Scholar 

  • Presser, Harriet B. 1973.Sterilization and Fertility Decline in Puerto Rico. Berkeley CA: Institute of International Studies.

    Google Scholar 

  • Presser, Harriet B. 1980. Puerto Rico: recent trends in fertility and sterilization.Family Planning Perspectives 12(2): 102–106.

    Google Scholar 

  • Presser, Harriet B. and Gita Sen (eds). 2000.Womens Empowerment and Demographic Processes: Moving Beyond Cairo. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramirez de Arellano, A.B. and C. Seipp. 1983.Colonialism, Catholicism, and Contraception: A History of Birth Control in Puerto Rico. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • RAND. 2002.Improvements in Contraception Are Reducing Historically High Abortion Rates. Population Matters Policy Brief. Santa Monica.

  • Ravindram, T.K. Sundari. 1993. Women and the politics of population and development in India.Reproductive Health Matters 1(1): 26–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ray, B. and A. Basu. 1999.From Independence towards Freedom: Indian Women since 1947. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rele, J.R., P.N. Kapoor and M.E. Khan. 1989. Determinants and consequences of contraceptive method choice in India. Pp. 191–209 in R.A. Bulataoet al. (eds.)Choosing a Contraceptive: Method Choice in Asia and the United States. Boulder: Westview Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Retherford, Robert D. and T.K. Roy. 2003.Factors Affecting Sex-selective Abortion in India and 17 Major States. NFHS Subject Reports, No. 21. Mumbai: IIPS and Honolulu: East-West Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, C. 1986. Women’s education and class formation in Africa, 1950–1980. Pp. 92–113 in C. Robertson and I. Berger (eds.),Women and Class in Africa. New York: Africana Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross, John A. 1992. Sterilization: past, present, future.Studies in Family Planning 23(3): 187–198.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross, John and Tomas Frejka. 1998. Paths to subreplacement fertility: overview and ten country cases. Paper presented at Conference on the Global Fertility Transition, Bellagio, 18–22 May.

  • Ross, John and William Winfrey. 2002. Unmet need for contraception in the developing world and the former Soviet Union: an updated estimate.International Family Planning Perspectives 28(3): 138–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sargeant, Elena. 1996. The ‘woman question’ and problems of maternity in post-communist Russia. Pp. 269–285 in R. Marsh (ed.),Women in Russia and the Ukraine. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scharping, T. 2003.Birth Control in China 1949–2000: Population Policy and Demographic Development. London: Routledge Curzon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schehl, Margaret. 2002. Contraceptive use increases in Russia.Engender Health Update Quarterly Newsletter. <http://www.engenderhealth.org/pubs/avscnews/wn96/661-rus.html>. Accessed: 8 May 2006.

  • Short, Susan, Ma Linmao and Yu Wentao. 2000. Birth planning and sterilization in China.Population Studies 54(3): 279–291.

    Google Scholar 

  • Srinivasan, K. 1995.Regulating Reproduction in Indias Population: Efforts, Results and Recommendations. New Delhi: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Statistical Handbook of Japan. 2005. Japan: Ministry of Public Management, Home Affairs, Posts, and Telecommunications. <http://www.stat.go.jp/English/data/handbook/index.htm>. Accessed: 8 May 2006.

  • Stycos, J.M. 1968.Human Fertility in Latin America: Sociological Perspectives. Ithaca NY: Cornell University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taeuber, I. B. 1958.The Population of Japan. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tantchou, J. and E. Wilson. 2000.Post-Cairo Reproductive Health Policies and Programs: A Study of Five Francophone African Countries. Washington DC: Futures Group International.

    Google Scholar 

  • Terceira, Nicola, Simon Gregson, Basia Zaba and Peter R. Mason. 2003. The contribution of HIV to fertility decline in rural Zimbabwe 1985–2000.Population Studies 57(2): 149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tien, H.Y. 1991.Chinas Strategic Demographic Initiative. New York: Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • TransMONEE 2006 Database, UNICEF IRC, Florence. <http://www.unicef-icdc.org/resources/transmonee/2006/Tables_TransMONEE%202006.xls>. Accessed: 15 September 2006.

  • Tu, Ping and Herbert Smith. 1995. Determinants of induced abortion and their policy implications in four countries in north China.Studies in Family Planning 26(5): 278–286.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations. 1950.Demographic Yearbook: 1949–1950. New York.

  • United Nations. 1978.Demographic Yearbook: 1977. New York.

  • United Nations. 1982.Demographic Yearbook: 1980. New York.

  • United Nations. 2000.Consideration of Reports by States Parties: Initial Report. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women: New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations Secretariat. 2001.World Population Prospects: The 2000 Revision andWorld Urbanization Prospects: The 2001 Revision. <http://esa.un.org/unpp>. Accessed: 4 January 2005.

  • United Nations. 2004.Demographic Yearbook: 2003. New York.

  • United Nations. 2006.World Fertility Report: 2003. New York.

  • US Census Bureau. 2003. Migration for the population 5 years and over for the United States, regions, states, counties, New England minor civil divisions, metropolitan areas and Puerto Rico. <http://www.census.gov/population/cen2000/phc-t22/tab04.pdf>. Accessed: 8 May 2006.

  • Visaria, Leela. 2000. From contraceptive targets to informed choice: the Indian experience. Pp. 331–382 in R. Ramasubban and S. Jejeebhoy (eds.),Womens Reproductive Health in India. Jaipur: Rawat Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Visaria, P. and V. Chari. 1998. India’s population policy and family planning programme: yesterday, today and tomorrow. In A. Jain (ed.),Do Population Policies Matter? Fertility and Politics in Egypt, India, Kenya, and Mexico. New York: Population Council.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vishnevskii, A. 1999. The demographic potential of Russia. Translated by Robert Valliere.Russian Social Science Review 40(4): 4–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Duolan and Dan R. Altmann. 2002. Socio-demographic determinants of intrauterine device use and failure in China.Human Reproduction 17(5): 1226–1232.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Duolan, Hong Yan and Zhonghui Feng. 2003. Abortion as a backup method for contraceptive failure in China.Journal of Biosocial Science 36: 279–287.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, Tyrene. 1994. Two kinds of production: the evolution of China’s family planning policy in the 1980s.Population and Development Review 20 (Supplement): 137–158.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, C. 1996. Abortion and women’s health in Russia and the Soviet successor states. Pp. 131–155 in Rosalind Marsh (ed.)Women in Russia and the Ukraine. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolf, Arthur P. 1986. The prominent role of government intervention in China’s family revolution.Population and Development Review 12(1): 101–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Bank. 1997.Confronting AIDS: Public Priorities in a Global Epidemic. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization (WHO). 2003. The intrauterine device (iud)-worth singing about.Progress in Reproductive Health Research No. 60. <http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/hrp/progress/60/news60.html>. Accessed: 8 May 2006.

  • Zakharov, S.V. and E.I. Ivanova. 1996. Fertility decline and recent changes in Russia: on the threshold of the second demographic transition. Pp. 36–83 in J. DaVanzo and G. Farnsworth (eds),Russias Demographic Crisis. Santa Monica: RAND Center for Russia and Eurasia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zeng, Yi, Ping Tu, Baochang Gu, Yi Xu, Bohua Li and Yongping Li. 1993. Causes and implications of the recent increase in the reported sex ratio at birth in China.Population and Development Review 19(2): 283–302.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Sociology, University of Maryland, College Park, 2112 Art-Sociology Building, 20742, College Park, MD, USA

    Harriet B. Presser, Megan L. Klein Hattori, Sangeeta Parashar, Sara Raley & Zhihong Sa

Authors
  1. Harriet B. Presser
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Megan L. Klein Hattori
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sangeeta Parashar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Sara Raley
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Zhihong Sa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Harriet B. Presser.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Presser, H.B., Hattori, M.L.K., Parashar, S. et al. Demographic change and response: Social context and the practice of birth control in six countries. Journal of Population Research 23, 135–163 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03031813

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03031813

Keywords

Search

Navigation