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Patterns of organ development in plant tissue culture and the problem of organ determination

  • Interpreting Botanical Progress
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Résumé

Il est nécessaire, dans le domaine du développement végétal, d’acquérir une plus grande compréhension des premières étapes déterminantes du développement d’organesin vitro. Les techniques de générationin vitro d’organes nouveaux sont utilisées aussi bien dans les travaux de recherche à caractère pratique que théorique. Une revue des systèmes morphogéniques habituellement employée montre qu’il existe diverses approches à la question de production d’organes. Dans la plupart de ces méthodes, il y a généralement formation d’un callus intermédiaire précédemment à Forganogénèse. Deux systémes organogéniques ne présentant pas cette particularité indésirable furent considérés de façon plus détaillée. Dans une technique qui se révèle des plus prometteuse, des couches de cellules sont utilisées comme inocula. Faisant suite á l’inoculation, une organogénèse rapide et vigoureuse se produit dans une période de temps définie. Une manipulation hormonale appropriée permet (e.g., d’induire) jusqu’à quatre séquences de développement différentes à partir d’un même tissus. Les étapes biochimiques déterminantes de ce système sont encore obscures. Dans le second système, le développement d’épines, de feuilles ou de racines peut être obtenu à partir de culture de méristèmes entiers d’Opuntia. Une étude analytique minutieuse suggère que la détermination du type d’organe à se développer était spécifiée directement dans le méristème. Il est recommandé de continuer à employer ces techniques. Une étude plus approfondie des méthodes de culture impliquant l’utilisation de couches de cellules, de méristème et d’organe primordial serait d’une aide certaine en ce qui concerne les questions de détermination. Diverses difficultés pouvant être anticipées sont considérées brièvement.

General Summary

There is a need in plant development for greater understanding of the early determinative events in organ developmentin vitro. Two interest groups, one practically oriented and the other theoretically, are served by techniques for initiating new organsin vitro. A survey of morphogenic systems in use shows that there are a variety of routes leading to organ production. In general, a common pattern is for an intermediate callus to precede organogenesis. Because they did not involve this undesirable feature, two organogenic systems were considered in detail. One promising technique involves the use of cell layers as inocula. From these, rapid vigorous organogenesis occurs in a defined time period. Up to four different developmental sequences can be elicited from one tissue, by hormone manipulation. Biochemical events in determination in this system remain to be clarified. In another system, organ development from whole cultured meristems ofOpuntia could be chanelled into spine leaf or root development. Careful analytical study suggested that organ determination was specified directly in the meristem. The continued use of these techniques is encouraged, especially the further development of cell layer, meristem, and primordial organ methods in relation to questions of determination. Some anticipated difficulties were briefly discussed.

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  1. Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia

    Gary S. Hicks

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Hicks, G.S. Patterns of organ development in plant tissue culture and the problem of organ determination. Bot. Rev 46, 1–23 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02860865

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