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Evaluation of wild tuber-bearingSolanum accessions for foliar glycoalkaloid level and composition

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Abstract

Six hundred forty-five accessions of 70Solanum species and six natural hybrids were screened for foliar glycoalkaloids. Total foliar glycoalkaloid (TFGA) level and glycoalkaloid composition of one or more accessions of each species were determined by TLC and GLC analyses. Of the more than 12 different glycoalkaloids found in the wild species in this survey, solanine and chaconine account for more than 60% of the TFGA found in the foliage of these plants. There was wide variation in the total glycoalkaloid levels among the species.S. neocardenasii had the highest average TFGA value of the 70 species, 222 mg/100 g fresh wt (222 mg %) and an accession ofS. chacoense had the highest TFGA value recorded in the survey, 486 mg %. Of the 70 species, only 11 had average TFGA levels of more than 100 mg %. However, one or more accessions in 27 of the species synthesized more than 100 mg %. Forty-five species synthesized an average level of less than 50 mg %. The level usually found in the foliage of commercial potato cultivars is about 50 mg %. Therefore, most of theSolanum species in the potato germplasm collection can be considered low glycoalkaloid species.

Compendio

Se evaluaron y seleccionaron 645 entradas de 70 especies deSolanum y seis híbridos naturales para glicoalcaloides foliares. Se determinaron el nivel de glicoalcaloides totales (TFGA) y la compositión de una o más entradas de cada especie por medio de análisis TLC y GLC. De más de 12 glicoalcaloides diferentes encontrados en las especies silvestres en este estudio, la solanina y la chaconina representan más de 60% del TFGA encontrado en el follaje de estas plantas. Hubo una gran variatión, entre las especies, en los niveles de glicoalcaloides totales.

S. neocardenasii tuvo el valor promedio más alto de TFGA de las 70 especies, 222 mg/100 g de peso fresco (222 mg %) y una entrada de S. chacoense tuvo el valor más alto de TFGA registrado en el estudio, 486 mg %. De las 70 especies, sólo 11 tuvieron niveles promedio de TFGA de más de 100 mg %. Sin embargo, una o más entradas en 27 de las especies sintetizaron más de 100 mg % g. Cuarenta y cinco especies sintetizaron un nivel promedio menor de 50 mg %. El nivel encontrado generalmente en el follaje de cultivares comerciales de papa es más o menos de 50 mg %. Por consiguiente, la mayoría de las especies de Solanum en la colección de germoplasma de papa pueden considerarse especies de bajo contenido de glicoalcaloides.

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Deahl, K.L., Sinden, S.L. & Young, R.J. Evaluation of wild tuber-bearingSolanum accessions for foliar glycoalkaloid level and composition. American Potato Journal 70, 61–69 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02848648

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