Abstract
Lake Zwemlust (area 1.5 ha, Zm 1.5 m) has been the object of an extensive limnological study since its biomanipulation involving removal of planktivorous fish (bream) in March 1987 and emptying of the lake. In the subsequent summer period of 1987 the Secchi depth increased to the lake bottom (2.5 m), compared withca 30 cm in the earlier summers. The reaction of submerged macrophytes to improving under-water light climate was rapid. In summer 1987, besides the introducedChara globularis, 5 species of submerged macrophytes occurred and colonized 10% of the lake area. In 1988 and 1989 only quantitative changes were observed; new species did not appear, but the area colonized by macrophytes increased by 7 and 10 times, respectively.Elodea nuttallii was dominant among the macrophytes andMougeotia sp. among the filamentous green algae. Their abundance, contributed to transient N-limination of phytoplankton causing a persistent clear water phase in 1988 and 1989, unlike in 1987 when zooplankton grazing contributed chiefly to the water clarity. Laboratory bioassays on macrophytes confirmed nitrogen limitation.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barko, J. W. & G. J. Filbin, 1983. Influences of light and temperature on chlorophyll composition in submersed freshwater macrophytes. Aquat. Bot. 15: 249–255.
Barko, J. W. & R. M. Smart, 1981. Comparative influences of light and temperature on the growht and metabolism of selected submersed freshwater macrophytes. Ecol. Monogr. 51: 219–235.
Boyd, C. E., 1971. The limnological role of aquatic macrophytes and their relationship to reservoir management. Res. Fish Limnol. 8: 153–166.
Carpenter, S. R. & D. M. Lodge, 1986. Effects of submerged macrophytes on ecosystem processes. Aquat. Bot. 26: 341–370.
Davis, J. C., 1975. Minimal dissolved oxygen requirements of aquatic life with emphasis on Canadian species: a review. J. Fish Res. Bd Can. 32: 2295–2332.
Engel, S., 1988. the role and interactions of submerged macrophytes in a shallow Wisconsin Lake. J. Freshwat. Ecol. 4: 229–341.
Fitzgerald, G. P., 1969. Some factors in the competition or antagonism among bacteria, algae, and aquatic weeds. J. Phycol. 5: 351–359.
Golterman, H. L., 1969. Methods for chemical analysis of freshwaters. IBP Handbook 8, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 166 pp.
Goulder, R., 1969. Interactions between the rates of productions of a freshwater macrophyte and phytoplankton in a pond. Oikos 20: 300–309.
Grimm, M. P., 1989. Northern pike (Esox lucius L.) and aquatic vegetation, tools in the management of fisheries and water quality in shallow waters. Hydrobiol. Bull. 23: 59–65.
Gulati, R. D., 1989. Structure and feeding activities of zooplankton community in Lake Zwemlust, in the two years after biomanipulation. Hydrobiol. Bull. 23: 35–48.
Howard-Williams, C., 1981. Studies on the ability of aPotamogeton pectinatus community to remove dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus compounds from water. J. appl. Ecol. 18: 619–637.
Kuni, H., 1982. The critical water temperature for the active growth ofElodea nuttalli (Planch.) St. John. Jap. J. Ecol. 32: 111–112.
Lachavanne, J. B., 1985. The influence of accelerated eutrophication on the macrophytes of Swiss lakes: abundance and distribution. Verh. int. Ver. Limnol. 22: 2950–2955.
Landers, D. H., 1982. Effects of naturally senescing aquatic macrophytes on nutrient chemistry and chlorophylla of surrounding waters. Limnol. Oceanogr. 27: 428–439.
Lampert, W., 1988. The relation between zooplankton biomass and grazing. A review. Limnologica 19: 11–20.
Meijer, M. L., A. J. P. Raat & E. W. Doef, 1989. Restoration by biomanipulation of Lake Bleiswijkse Zoom (The Netherlands): first results. Hydrobiol. Bull. 23: 49–57.
Mickle, A. M. & R. G. Wetzel, 1978. Effectiveness of submersed angiosperm-epiphyte complexes on exchange of nutrients and organic carbon in littoral systems. Aquat. Bot. 4: 303–329.
Moss, B., (1990). Engineering and biological approaches to the restoration from eutrophication of shallow lakes in which aquatic plant communities are important components. Hydrobiologia 200/201: 367–377.
Murphy, J. & J. P. Riley, 1962. A modified single solution method for determination of phosphate in natural waters. Analyt. chim. Acta 26: 31–36.
Ozimek, T., 1978. Effects of municipal sewage on the submerged macrophytes of lake littoral. Ekol. pol. 26: 1–39.
Ozimek, T. & A. Kowalczewski, 1984. Long-term changes of the submerged macrophytes in eutrophic Lake Mikolajskie (North Poland). Aquat. Bot. 19: 1–11.
Phillips, G. L., D. Eminson & B. Moss, 1978. A mechanism to account for macrophyte decline in progressively eutrophicated freshwaters. Aquat. Bot. 4: 103–126.
Pieczynska, E. & T. Ozimek, 1976. Ecological significance of lake macrophytes. Int. J. Ecol. Envir. Sci. 2: 115–128.
Pokorny & Ondok, 1982. Photosynthesis and primary production in submerged macrophyte stands. In: B. Gopal, R. E. Turner, R. G. Wetzel & D. E. Whigham (eds). Wetlands: Ecology and management, Internat. Sci. Publ. Jaipur, India: 206–214.
Prejs, A., 1984. Herbivory by temperature freshwater fishes and its consequences. Envir. Biol. Fishes 10: 281–296.
Prenki, R. T., T. D. Gustafson & M. S. Adams, 1978. Nutrient movements in lakeshore marshes. In: R. E. Good, D. F. Zhigham & R. L. Simpson (eds). Freshwater Wetlands. Academic Press, New York, London: 169–194.
Shapiro, J. & D. I. Wright, 1984. Lake restoration by biomanipulation: Round lake Minnesota, the first two years. Freshwat. Biol. 14: 371–383.
Simpson, P. S. & J. W. Eaton, 1986. Comparative studies of photosynthesis of the submerged macrophyteElodea canadensis and filamentous algaeCladophora glomerata andSpirogyra sp. Aquat. Bot. 14: 1–22.
Spence, D. H. N., 1972. Light on freshwater macrophytes. Botanical Society of Edinburgh Transactions, 41: 491–505.
Stainton, M. P., M. J. Capel & P. J. Armstrong, 1974. The chemical analysis of freshwater. Miscellaneous special publications no. 25. Research and Development Directorate Freshwater Institute, Winnipeg, Manitoba.
Van Donk, E., in press. Changes in community structure and growth limitation of phytoplankton due to top-down food-web manipulation. Verh. int. Ver. Limnol. 24.
Van Donk, E., R. D. Gulati & M. P. Grimm, 1989. Food-web manipulation in Lake Zwemlust: positive and negative effects during the first two years. Hydrobiol. Bull. 23: 19–34.
Van Donk, E., M. P. Grimm, R. D. Gulati & J. P. G. Klein-Breteler (1990). Whole-lake food-web manipulation as a means to study community interactions in a small ecosystem. Hydrobiologia 200/201: 275–289.
Verdouw, H., C. J. A. Echteld & E. M. J. Dekkers, 1977. Ammonia determination based on indophenol formation with sodium salicylate. Wat. Res. 12: 399–402.
Wium-Andersen, S. U., U. Anthoni, C. Cristophersen & G. Houen, 1982. Allepathic effects on phytoplankton by substances isolated from aquatic macrophytes (Charales). Oikos 39: 187–190.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ozimek, T., Gulati, R.D. & van Donk, E. Can macrophytes be useful in biomanipulation of lakes? The Lake Zwemlust example. Hydrobiologia 200, 399–407 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02530357
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02530357