Abstract
Copán, a major Classic Maya center in western Honduras, has been the focus of archaeological investigation for over a century. An intense period of research since 1975, involving projects and scholars from many institutions, has resulted in a comprehensive understanding of the origin, maturation, and decline of this major Maya polity.
Similar content being viewed by others
References Cited
Abrams, E. (1984a).Systems of Labor Organization in Late Classic Copán, Honduras: The Energetics of Construction, Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park.
Abrams, E. (1984b). Replicative experimentation at Copán, Honduras: Implications for ancient economic specialization.Journal of New World Archaeology 6(2): 39–48.
Abrams, E. (1994).How the Maya Built Their World, University of Texas Press, Austin.
Agurcia, R. (1996). Rosalila, el corazón de la acrópolis.Yaxkin 14(1–2): 5–18.
Andrews, E. W. V, and Fash, B. (1992). Continuity and change in a royal Maya residential complex at Copán.Ancient Mesoamerica 3: 63–87.
Ashmore, W. (1992). Deciphering Maya architectural plans. In Danien, E., and Sharer, R. (eds.),New Theories on the Ancient Maya, University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, pp. 173–184.
Aoyama, K. (1994). Socionomic implications of chipped stone from the La Entrada region, western Honduras.Journal of Field Archaeology 21(2): 133–146.
Baudez, C. F. (ed.) (1983).Introducción a la arqueología de Copán, Honduras, tomos 1–3, Secretaría del Estado en el Despacho de Cultural y Turismo, Tegucigalpa.
Baudez, C. F. (1994).Maya Sculpture of Copán, University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.
Baudez, I. S. de (1983). Agrícola y agricultores en la región de Copán. In Baudez, C. F. (ed.),Introducción a la arqueología de Copán, Secretaría del Estado en el Despacho de Cultural y Turismo, Tegucigalpa, pp. 195–228.
Beaudry, M. P. (1984).Ceramic Production and Distribution in the Southeastern Maya Periphery: Late Classic Painted Serving Vessels, BAR International Series 203, British Archaeological Reports, London.
Berlin, H. (1958). El glypho “emblema” en las enscripciones Mayas.Journal de la Socíeté Américanistas 47: 111–119.
Bey, G., III, Hanson, C., and Ringle, W. M. (1997). Classic to Postclassic at Ek Balam, Yucatan: Architectural and ceramic evidence for defining the transition.Latin American Antiquity 8: 237–254.
Black, S. L. (1990).Field Methods and Methodologies in Lowland Maya Archaeology, Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
Brady, J. E. (1995). A reassessment of the chronology and function of Gordon's Cave #3, Copán, Honduras.Ancient Mesoamerica 6: 29–38.
Braswell, G. E. (1992). Obsidian-hydration dating, the Coner phase, and revisionist chronology at Copán, Honduras.Latin American Antiquity 3: 130–147.
Braswell, G. E. (1996). Obsidian hydration dating. In Fagan, B. (ed.),The Oxford Companion to Archaeology, Oxford University Press, New York, p. 537.
Cheek, C. (1983). Excavaciones in la plaza principal. In Baudez, C. F. (ed.),Introducción a la arqueología de Copán, Honduras, tomos 1–3. Secretaría del Estado en el Despacho de Cultural y Turismo, Tegucigalpa, pp. 191–289.
Cheek, C., and Spink, M. (1986). Excavaciones en el grupo 3, estructura 223 (operación VII). In Sanders, W. T. (ed.),Excavaciones en el área urbana de Copán, Vol. 1, Secretaría del Estado en el Despacho de Cultural y Turismo, Tegucigalpa, pp. 37–91.
Coe, W. (1967).Tikal: A Handbook of the Ancient Maya Ruins, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
Culbert, T. P., Kosakowsky, L. J., Fry, R., and Haviland, W. A. (1990). The population of Tikal, Guatemala. In Culbert, T. P., and Rice, D. S. (eds.),Precolumbian Population History in the Maya Lowlands, University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, pp. 103–122.
Curtis, J. H., Hodell, D., and Brenner, M. (1996). Climate variability on the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico) during the past 3500 ears, and implications for Maya cultural evolution.Quatermary Research 46: 37–47.
Demarest, A. (1988). Political evolution in the Maya borderlands: The Salvadoran frontier. In Boone, E., and Willey, G. (eds.),The Southeast Classic Maya Zone, Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC, pp. 335–394.
Diamante, M. (1991).Domestic Organization at Copán: Reconstruction of Maya Elite Households Through Ethnographic Analogy, Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park.
Fash, B., Fash, W. L., Lane, S., Laríos, R., Schele, L., Stomper, J., and Stuart, D. (1992). Investigations of a Classic Maya council house at Copán, Honduras.Journal of Field Archaeology 19(4): 419–442.
Fash, W. L., Jr. (1983a).Maya State Formation: A Case Study and Its Implications, Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
Fash, W. L., Jr. (1983b). Reconocimiento y excavaciones en el valle. In Baudez, C. F. (ed.),Introducción a la arqueología de Copán, Secretaría del Estado en el Despacho de Cultural y Turismo, Tegucigalpa, pp. 229–470.
Fash, W. L., Jr. (1989). The sculptural façade of structure 9N-82: Content, form, and significance. In Webster, D. (ed.),The House of the Bacabs, Studies in Precolumbian Art and Archaeology 92, Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC, pp. 41–72.
Fash, W. L., Jr. (1991).Scribes, Warriors and Kings, Thames and Hudson, New York.
Fash, W. L., Jr., and Long, K. (1983). Mapa arqueológico del Valle de Copán. In Baudez, C. F. (ed.),Introducción a la arqueología de Copán, Secretaría del Estado en el Despacho de Cultural y Turismo, Tegucigalpa, pp. 5–48 (map supplement volume).
Fash, W. L., and Sharer, R. (1991). Sociopolitical developments and metodological issues at Copán, Honduras: A conjunctive perspective.Latin American Antiquity 2: 166–187.
Fash, W. L., Jr., and Stuart, D. (1991). Dynastic history and cultural evolution at Copán, Honduras. In Culbert, T. P. (ed.),Classic Maya Political History, Cambridge University Press, New York, pp. 147–179.
Fash, W. L., Jr., Williamson, R. V., Larios, R., and Palka, J. (1992). The hieroglyphic stairway and its ancestors.Ancient Mesoamerica 3: 105–115.
Freter, A. (1988).The Classic Maya Collapse at Copán, Honduras: A Regional Settlement Perspective, Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park.
Freter, A. (1992). Chronological research at Copán, Honduras: Methods and implications.Ancient Mesoamerica 3: 117–133.
Freter, A. (1997). The question of time: The irnpact of chronology on Copán prehistoric settlement demography. In Paine, R. (ed.),Integrating Archaeological Demography, Occasional Paper, No. 24, Center for Archaeological Investigations, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, pp. 21–24.
Gerstle, A. (1988).Maya-Lenca Ethnic Relations in Late Classic Period Copán, Honduras, Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara.
Gonlin, N. (1993).Rural household Archaeology at Copán, Honduras, Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park.
Gordon, G. B. (1896a).Prehistoric Ruins of Copán, Honduras: A Preliminary Report of the Explorations by the Museum 1891–1896, Memoirs of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Vol.1(1), Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
Gordon, G. B. (1896b).Caverns of Copán, Honduras, Memoirs of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Vol. 1(5), Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
Gordon, G. B. (1902).The Hieroglyphic Stairway Ruins of Copán, Memoirs of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Vol.1(4), Harvard University Cambridge, MA.
Grube, N., and Schele, L. (1987). U Cit Tok', the last king of Copán.Copán Note 21, Copán Mosaics Project and the Instituto Hondureño de Antropología e Historia, Honduras.
Grube, N. (1988). Cu Ix, the fourth ruler of Copán and his monuments.Copán Note 40, Copán Mosaics Project and the Instituto Hondureño de Antropología e Historia, Honduras.
Hendon, J. A. (1987).The Uses of Maya Structures: A Study of Architecture and Artifact Distribution at Sepulturas, Copán, Honduras Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
Hirth, K. (1988). Beyond the Maya frontier: Cultural interaction and syncretism along the central Honduran corridor. In Boone, E., and Willey, G. (eds.),The Southeast Classic Maya Zone, Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC, pp. 297–334.
Hodell, D., Curtis, J. H., and Brenner, M. (1995). Possible role of climate in the collapse of Classic Maya civilization.Nature,375(1): 357–391.
Hohman, H. (1995).Die Architekture der Sepulturas-Region von Copán in Honduras, Academic, Graz, Austria.
Hohmann, H., and Vogrin, A. (1982).Die Architekture von Copán, Akademische Druck-u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz, Austria.
Houston, S. (1993).Hieroglyphics and History at Dos Pilas: Dynastic Politics of the Classic Maya, University of Texas Press, Austin.
Houston, S., and Fowler, W. (eds.), (1992). Special section: The archaeology of ancient Copán (varíous authors).Ancient Mesoamerica 3: 61–197.
Inomata, T. (1995).Archaeological Investigations at the Fortified Center of Aguateca, El Peten, Guatemala: Implications for the Study of the Classic Maya Collapse, Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville.
Inomata, T., and Aoyama, K. (1996). Central place analyses in La Entrada, Copán.Latin American Antiquity 7: 291–312.
Joyce, R. (1988). The Ulua Valley and the coastal Maya Lowlands: The view from Cerro Palenque. In Boone, E., and Willey, G. (eds.),The Southeast Classic Maya Zone, Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC, pp. 269–294.
Lentz D. (1991). Maya diets of the rich and poor: Paleoethnobotanical evidence from Copán.Latin American Antiquity 2: 269–287.
Leventhal, R., Demarest, A., and Willey, G., (1987). The cultural and social components of Copán. In Trinkhaus, K. M. (ed.),Polities and Partitions, Anthropological Research Papers, No. 37, Arizona State University, Tempe, pp. 179–205.
Longyear, J. (1952).Copán Ceramics: A Study of Southeastern maya Pottery, Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 597, Washington, DC.
Mallory, J. K. (1983).The Place of Obsidian in the Economy of Copán, Honduras, Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park.
Marcus, J. (1976).Emblem and State in the Classic Maya Lowlands: An Epigraphic Approach to Territorial Organization, Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC.
Marcus, J. (1992a). Political fluctuations in Mesoamerica.National Geographic Research and Exploration 8(4): 392–411.
Marcus, J. (1992b).Mesoamerican Writing Systems, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
Marcus, J. (1993). Ancient Maya political organization. In Sabloff, J., and Henderson, J. S. (eds.),Lowland Maya Civilization in the Eighth Century A.D., Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC, pp. 11–184.
Martin, S., and Grube, N. (1995). Maya superstates.Archaeology 48(6): 41–46.
Maudslay, A. P. (1889–1902).Biologia Centrali-Americana: Archaeology, Dulau, London.
Merriwether, D. A., Reed, D. M., and Farrell, R. E. (1997). Ancient and conternporary mitochondrial DNA variation in the Maya. In Whittington, S. L., and Reed, D. M. (eds.),Bones of the Maya, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, pp. 208–220.
Morley, S. G. (1920).The Inscriptions at Copán, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington DC.
Murdy, C. (1991). Investigaciones arqueológicas en el Valle del Río Carnotan, Departamento de Chiquimula, Guatemala, 1989–1990. Report submitted to the Instituto de Antropología e Historia, Guatemala City.
Paine, R., and Freter, A. (1996). Environmental degradation and the Classic Maya collapse at Copán, Honduras (A.D. 600-1250).Ancient Mesoamerica 7: 37–48.
Paine, R., Freter, A., and Webster, D. (1996). A mathematical projection of population growth in the Copán Valley, Honduras, A.D. 400-800.Latin American Antiquity 7: 51–60.
Pendergast, D. (1985). Lamanai Belize: An updated view. In Chase, A., and Rice, P. (eds.),The Lowland Maya Postclassic, University of Texas Press, Austin, pp. 91–103.
Pendergast, D. (1986). Stability through change: Lamanai, Belize, from the ninth to the seventeenth century. In Sabloff, J., and Andrews, E. W. V. (eds.),Late Lowland Maya Civilization, University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, pp. 223–250.
Pohl, M. D. (1994). Appendix D. Late Classic Maya fauna from settlement in the Copán Valley, Honduras: Assertion of social status through animal consumption. In Willey, G. R., Leventhal, R. M., Demarest, A., and Fash, W. L., Jr. (eds.),Ceramics and Artifacts from Excavations in the Copán Residential Zone, Papers of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Vol. 80, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, pp. 459–476.
Pohl, M., and Pohl, J. (1994). Cycles of conflict: Political factionalism in the Maya Lowlands. In Brumfiel, E., and Fox, J. (eds.),Factional Competition and Political Development in the New World, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 138–157.
Pohl, M., Pope, K., Jones, J., Jacob, J., Piperno, D., de France, S., Lentz, D., Gifford, J., Danforth, M., and Josserand K. J. (1996). Early agriculture in the Maya lowlands.Latin American Antiquity 7: 355–372.
Reed, D. M. (1994). Ancient Maya diet at Copán, Honduras, as determined through analysis of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes. In Sobolik, K. D. (ed.),Paleonutrition: The Diet and Health of Prehistoric Americans, Occasional Paper Series No. 22, Center for Archaeological Investigations, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, pp. 210–221.
Reed, D. M. (1997). Commoner diet at Copán: Insights from stable isotopes and porotic hyperostosis. In Whittington, S. L., and Reed, D. M. (eds.),Bones of the Maya, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, pp. 157–170.
Robicsek, F. (1972).Copán, Home of the Mayan Gods, Museum of the American Indian, New York.
Rue, D. (1986).A Palynological Analysis of Prehispanic Human Impact in the Copán Valley, Honduras, Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park.
Rue, D. (1987). Early agriculture and early Postclassic Maya occupation at Copán, Honduras.Nature 326(6110): 285–286.
Rue, D., Freter, A., and Ballinger, D. (1989). The caverns of Copán revisited: Preclassic sites in the Sesesmil River valley, Copán, Honduras,Journal of Field Archaeology 16: 395–404.
Sanders, W. T. (ed.) (1986–1990).Excavaciones en el área urbana de Copán, Vols. 1–3, Secretaría del Estado en el Despacho de Cultural y Turismo, Tegucigalpa.
Sanders, W. T. (1989). Household, lineage, and state at eighth-century Copán, Honuduras. In Webster, D. (ed.)The House of the Bacabs, Studies in Precolumbian Art and Archaeology 92. Dumbarton Oaks. Washington, DC, pp. 89–105.
Schele, L. (1989). The inscription on Altar Q.Copán Note 66, Copán Mosaics Project and the Instituto Hondureño de Antropología e Historia, Honduras.
Schele, L. (1992). The founders of lineages at Copán and other Maya sites.Ancient Mesoamerica 3: 135–144.
Schele, L., and Freidel, D. (1990).A Forest of Kings, William Morrow, New York, pp. 89–105.
Schele, L., and Grube, N. (1990). Tentative identification of the second successor of the Copán dynasty.Copán Note 14, Copán Mosaics Project and the Instituto Hondureno de Antropología e Historia, Honduras.
Schele, L., and Mathews, P. (1998).The Code of Kings, Scribner, New York.
Schele, L., and Stuart, D. (1986a) Eutz'-Chaan, the 11th successor of the Yax-Kuk-Mo lineage.Copán Note 14, Copán Mosaics Project and the Instituto Hondureno de Antropología e Historia, Honduras.
Schele, L., and Stuart, D. (1986b). Waterlily-Jaguar, the 7th successor of the lineage of Yax-Kuk-Mo.Copán Note 16, Copán Mosaics Project and the Instituto Hondureño de Antropología e Historia, Honduras.
Schortman, E., and Urban, P. (1994). Living on the edge: Core/periphery relations in ancient southeastern Mesoamerica.Ancient Mesoamerica 35: 401–430.
Sedat, D. W. (1996). Etapas tempranas en la evolución de la acrópolis de Copán.Yaxkin 14(1–2): 19–27.
Sharer, R. (1996). Los patrones del desarollo arquitectónico en la acrópolis de Copán del Clásico Temprano.Yaxkin 14(1–2): 28–34.
Sharer, R., and Sedat, D. (1996). Archaeology and history at Quiriguá and Copán. Paper presented at the Texas SymposiumParadigms of Power. Genesis and Foundation in Mesoamerica, University of Texas, Austin.
Sharer, R., Traxler, L., and Miller, J. (1991). The Copán corte: A window on the architectural history of a Maya City.Expedition 33(2): 46–54.
Sharer, R., Miller, J. C., and Traxler, L. (1992). Evolution of Classic period architecture in the eastern acropolis, Copán: A progress report.Ancient Mesoamerica 3: 145–159.
Sheehy, J. (1991). Structure and change in a Late Classic Maya domestic group at Copán, Honduras.Ancient Mesoamerica 2: 1–19.
Sheets, P. (1992).The Ceren Site: A Prehistoric Village Buried by Volcanic Ash in Central America, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Fort Worth, TX.
Smith, B. (1995).The Emergence of Agriculture, Scientific American Library, New York.
Stephens, J. L. (1949).Incidents of Travel in Central America, Chiapas, and Yucatán, Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ [original, 1841].
Storey, R. (1992). The children of Copán.Ancient Mesoamerica 3: 161–168.
Storey, R. (1997). Individual frailty, children of privilege, and stress in Late Classic Copán. In Whittington, S. L., and Reed, D. M. (eds.),Bones of the Maya, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, pp. 116–126.
Stuart, D. (1992). Hieroglyphics and archaeology at CopánAncient Mesoamerica 3: 169–184.
Stuart, D. (1993). Historical inscriptions and the Maya collapse. In Sabloff, J., and Henderson, J. S. (eds.),Lowland Maya Civilization in the Eighth Century A.D., Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC, pp. 321–354.
Stuart, D. (1995).A Study of Maya Inscriptions, Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville.
Stuart, D. (1997). The texts of temple 26: The presentation of history at a Maya dynastic shrine. In Fash, W., and Andrews, E. W. V. (eds.),The Archaeology of Copán, School of American Research Press, Santa Fe, NM (in press).
Stuart, D., and Schele, L. (1986a). Interim report on the hieroglyphic stair of Structure 26.Copán Note 17, Copán Mosaics Project and the Instituto Hondureño de Antropología e Historia, Honduras.
Stuart, D., and Schele, L. (1986b). Yax-Kuk-Mo, the founder of the lineage of Copán.Copán Note 6, Copán Mosaics Project and the Instituto Hondureño de Antropologia e Historia, Honduras.
Stuart, G. (1997). The royal crypts of Copán.National Geographic Magazine 192(6): 61–93.
Traxler, L. (1993). A new discovery at Copán.Expedition 35(3): 58–62.
Trik, A. (1939)Temple XXII at Copán Contributions to American Anthropology and History, vol. 5(27), Washington, DC.
Turner, B. L., II, Johnson, W., Mahood, G., Wiseman, F., and Poole, J. (1983). Habitat y agricultura en la región de Copán. In Baudez, C. F. (ed.),Introducción a la arqueología de Copán, Secretaría del Estado en el Despacho de Cultural y Turismo, Tegucigalpa, pp. 35–142.
Urban, P., and Schortman, E. (1988). The southeast zone viewed from the east: Lower Motagua-Naco Valleys. In Boone, E., and Willey, G. (eds.),The Southeast Classic Maya Zone, Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC, pp. 223–268.
Viel, R. (1983). Evolución de la cerámica en Copán: resultados preliminares. In Baudez, C. F. (ed.),Introducción a la arqueología de Copán, Secretaría del Estado en el Dispacho de Cultural y Turismo, Tegucigalpa, pp. 471–550.
Viel, R. (1993a). Copán Valley. In Henderson, J. S., and Beaudry-Corbett, M. (eds.),Pottery of Prehistoric Honduras, Institute of Archaeology Monograph 35, University of California, Los Angeles, pp. 12–19.
Viel, R. (1993b)Evolución de la cerámica, de Copán, Honduras, Instituto Hondureno de Antropología e Historia, Tegucigalpa.
Vlcek, D., and Fash, W. L., Jr. (1986). Survey in the outlying areas of the Copán region and the Copán-Quiriguá connection. In Urban, P., and Schortman, E. (eds.),The Southeast Maya Periphery, University of Texas Press, Austin, pp. 102–113.
Webster, D. (1985). Recent settlement survey in the Copán Valley, Honduras.Journal of New World Archaeology 5(4): 39–51.
Webster, D. (1988). Copán as a Cassic Maya center. In Boone, E., and Willey, G. R. (eds.),The Southeast Classic Maya Zone, Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC, pp. 5–30.
Webster, D. (ed.) (1989).The House of the Bacabs, Studies in Precolumbian Art and Archaeology 92, Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC.
Webster, D. (1997). Cultural ecology and cultural history of resource management at Copán, Honduras. In Fash, W., and Andrews, E. W. V. (eds.),The Archaeology of Copán, School of American Research Press, Santa Fe, NM (in press).
Webster, D., and Freter, A. (1990a). Settlement history and the Classic collapse at Copán: A refined chronological perspective.Latin American Antiquity 1: 66–85.
Webster, D., and Freter, A. (1990b). The demography of Late Classic Copán. In Culbert, T. P., and Rice, D. S. (eds.),Precolumbian Population History in the Maya Lowlands, University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, pp. 37–62.
Webster, D., and Gonlin, N. (1988). Household remains of the humblest Maya.Journal of Field Archaeology 15: 169–190.
Webster, D., and Kirker, J. (1995). Too many Maya, too few buildings: Investigating construction potential at Copán, Honduras,Journal of Anthropological Research 51: 363–387.
Webster, D., Sanders, W. T., and van Rossum, P. (1992). A simulation of Copán population history.Ancient Mesoamerica 3: 185–198.
Webster, D., Evans, S. T., and Sanders, W. T. (1993).Out of the Past, Mayfield, Mountainview, CA.
Webster, D., Freter, A, and Rue, D. (1993) The obsidian hydration dating project at Copán: A regional approach and why it works.Latin American Antiquity 4: 303–324.
Webster, D., Fash, B., Widmer, R., and Zeleznik, S. (1997). The skyband house: Investigations of a Classic Maya elite residential complex at Copán, Honduras.Journal of Field Archaeology (in press).
Webster, D., Freter, A., and Storey, R. (1997).Analysis of Copán Obsidian Hydration and 14C Concordance Experiments, Final report submitted to the Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies, Crystal River, FL.
Webster, D., Gonlin, N., and Sheets, P. (1997). Copán and Ceren: Two perspectives on ancient Mesoamerican households.Ancient Mesoamerica 8: 43–61.
Webster, D., Traverse, A., Rue, D., and Sanders, W. T. (1997).Vegetational and Settlement History at Copán, Honduras, Final Report to the Human Dimensions Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association, U.S. Department of Commerce (Grant GC94-838), Silver Spring, MD.
Whittington, S. (1989).Characteristics of Demography and Disease in Low-Status Maya from Classic Period Copán, Honduras, Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park.
Whittington, S. (1990).The Ostuman Archaeological Project, Report submitted to the National Science Foundation, Washington, DC.
Willey, G., and Leventhal, R. M. (1979). Prehistoric settlement at Copán. In Hammond, N. (ed.),Maya Archaeology and Ethnohistory, University of Texas Press, Austin, pp. 57–102.
Willey, G. R., Leventhal, R. M., Demarest, A., and Fash, W. L., Jr. (1994).Ceramics and Artifacts from Excavations in the Copán Residential Zone, Papers of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Vol. 80, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
Wingard, J. (1992).The Role of Soils in the Development and Collapse of Classic Maya Civilization at Copán, Honduras, Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park.
Wingard, J. (1996). Interactions between demographic processes and soil resources in the Copán Valley, Honduras. In Fedick, S. (ed.),The Managed Mosaic, University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City, pp. 207–235.
Bibliography of recent literature
Abrams, E. (1987). Economic specialization and construction personnel in Classic period Copán, Honduras.American Antiquity 52: 485–499.
Abrams, E. (1996). A Late Classic lime-plaster kiln from the Maya center of Copán, Honduras.Antiquity 70(268): 423–428.
Abrams, E. M., and Rue, D. (1988). The causes and consequences of deforestation among the prehistoric Maya.Human Ecology 14: 377–395.
Abrams, E. M., Freter, A., Rue, D., and Wingard, J. (1996). The role of deforestation in the collapse of the Late Classic Copán state. In Sonsel, L. E., Headland, T., and Bailey, R. C. (eds.),The Human Dimension of Deforestation, Columbia University Press, New York, pp. 55–75.
Ashmore, W. (1984). Quiriquá archaeology and history revisited.Journal of Field Archaeology 11: 365–386.
Baudez, C. F. (1989). The house of the bacabs: An iconographic analysis. In Webster, D. (ed.),The House of the Bacabs, Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC, pp. 73–81.
Becker, M. (1983). Excavaciones en el corte de la acropolis. In Baudez, C. F. (ed.),Introducción a la arqueología de Copán, Secretaría del Estado en el Despacho de Cultural y Turismo, Tegucigalpa, pp. 349–380.
Carlson, J. (1977). Copán Altar Q: The Maya astronomical conference of A.D. 763? In Aveni, A. (ed.),Native American Astronormy, University of Texas Press, Austin, pp. 100–109.
Cheek, C. (1975). Political themes on Mesoamerican monuments.American Antiquity 40: 320–326.
Cheek, C. (1983). Introducción a las operaciones en la plaza principal. In Baudez, C. F. (ed.),Introducción a la arqueología de Copán, Secretaría del Estado en el Despacho de Cultural y Turismo, Tegucigalpa, pp. 11–24.
Fash, W. L., Jr. (1983). Deducing social organization from Classic Maya settlement patterns. In Leventhal, R., and Kolata, A. (eds.),Civilization in the Ancient Americas: Essays in Honor of Gordon R. Willey, University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, pp. 261–288.
Fash, W. L., Jr. (1983). La fachada esculpida de la estructura 9N-82: composición, forma e iconografía. In Sanders, W. T. (ed.),Excavaciones en el área urbana de Copán, Vol. 1, Secretaría del Estado en el Despacho de Cultural y Turismo, Tegucigalpa, pp. 319–382.
Fash, W. L., Jr., and Lane, S. (1983). El juego de pelota B. In Baudez, C. F. (ed.),Introducción a la arqueología de Copán, Secretaría del Estado en el Despacho de Cultural y Turismo, Tegucigalpa, pp. 501–564.
Freidel, D., Schele, L., and Parker, J. (1993).Maya Cosmos, William Morrow, New York.
Freter, A. (1994). The Classic Maya collapse at Copán, Honduras: An analysis of Maya rural settlement trends. In Schwartz, G., and Falconer, S. (eds.),Archaeological Views from the Countryside, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, pp. 160–176.
Freter, A. (1996). Rural ceramic production in the Late Classic period Copán Maya state. In Guadalupe, A., Parsons, J., Santley, R., and Serra, M. (eds.),Arqueología mesoamericana: homenaje a William Sanders, Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia, Mexico, pp. 209–230.
Galloy, J. (1994). Protoclassic Maya settlement in the Copán village.Crosscurrents 6: 29–44.
Gerry, J. P. (1997). Bone isotope ratios and their bearing on elite privilege among the Classic Maya.Geoarchaeology 12(1): 41–69.
Gerry, J. P., and Krueger, W. H. (1997). Regional diversity in Classic Maya diets. In Whittington, S. L., and Reed, D. M. (eds.),Bones of the Maya, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, pp. 196–207.
Gerstle, A., and Webster, D. (1990). Excavaciones en 9N-8, conjunto del patio D. In Sanders, W. T. (ed.),Excavaciones en el área urbana de Copán, Vol. 3, Secretaría del Estado en el Despacho de Cultural y Turismo, Tegucigalpa, pp. 1–368.
Gonlin, N. (1994). Rural household diversity in Late Classic Copán, Honduras. In Schwartz, G., and Falconer, S. (eds.),Archaeological Views from the Countryside, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, pp. 177–197.
Harbottle, G., Neff, H., and Bishop, R. (1994). Appendix C. The sources of Copán Valley obsidian. In Willey, G. R., Leventhal, R. M., Demarest, A., and Fash, W. L. Jr. (eds.),Ceramics and Artifacts from Excavations in the Copán Valley Residential Zone. Papers of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, vol. 80, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, pp. 445–459.
Hendon, J. (1991). Status and power in Classic Maya society: An archaeological study.American Anthropologist 93: 894–918.
Hendon, J., Fash, W. L., and Aguilar, E. (1990). Excavaciones en 9N-8, conjunto del patio B. In Sanders, W. T. (ed.),Excavaciones en el área urbana de Copán, Vol. 2, Secretaría del Estado en el Despacho de Cultural y Turismo, Tegucigalpa, pp. 111–294.
Hendon, J., Agurcia, R., Fash, W. L., and Aguilar, E. (1990). Excavaciones en 9N-8, conjunto de patio C. In Sanders, W. T. (ed.),Excavaciones en el área urbana de Copán, Vol. 2, Secretaría del Estado en el Despacho de Cultural y Turismo, Tegucigalpa, pp. 11–110.
Kardatzke, T. A. (1991).Study of Kitchen Behaviors with Implications for the Social Organization at the Classic Mayan Site of Copán, Honduras, M.A. thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Houston, Houston.
Leventhal, R. (1979).Settlement Pattems at Copán, Honduras, Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
Leventhal, R. (1981). Settlement patterns in the southeastern Maya area. In Ashmore, W. (ed.),Lowland Maya Settlement Patterns, University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, pp. 187–210.
Leventhal, R. (1986). A reexamination of stelae caches at Copán: New dates for Copador. In Urban, P., and Schortman, E. (eds.),The Southeast Maya Periphery, University of Texas Press, Austin, pp. 138–142.
Leventhal, R., and Baxter, K. (1988). The use of ceramics to identify the function of Copán structures. In Wilk, R., and Ashmore, W. (eds.),Household and Community in the Mesoamerican Past, University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, pp. 51–71.
Longyear, J. M. (1940). The ethnological significance of Copán pottery. In Hay, C. L., Linton, R. L., Lothrop, S. K., Shapiro, H. L., and Vaillant, G. C. (eds.),The Maya and Their Neighbors, Constable, London, pp. 268–271.
Okamura, K. (1990). Excavaciones en 9N-8, conjunto del patio J. In Sanders, W. T. (ed.),Excavaciones en el área urbana de Copán, Vol. 2, Secretaría del Estado en el Despacho de Cultural y Turismo, Tegucigalpa, pp. 295–324.
Olsen, G. (1975).Study of the Soils in Valle de Naco (Near San Pedro Sula) and La Canteada (near Copán), Honduras, Agronomy Mimeo 75-19, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
Paine, R. (1996).Model Life Table Fitting by Maximal Likelihood Estimation: A Procedure to Reconstruct Paleodemographic Characteristics in Archaeological Demography, Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park.
Popenoe, W. (1919). The useful plants of Copán.American Anthropologist 21: 125–138.
Reed, D. (1998).Ancient Maya Diet at Copán, Honduras, Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park.
Riese, B. (1986). Late Classic relationship between Copán and Quiriquá: Some epigraphic evidence. In Urban, P., and Schortman, E. (eds.),The Southeast Maya Periphery, University of Texas Press, Austin, pp. 138–142.
Riese, B. (1989). The Inscription on the Sculptured Bench of the House of the Bacabs. In Webster, D. (ed.),The House of the Bacabs, Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC, pp. 82–88.
Sanders, W. T. (1989). Household, lineage, and state at eighth century Copán, Honduras. In Webster, D. (ed.),The House of the Bacabs, Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC, pp. 89–105.
Sanders, W. T., and Webster, D. (1994). Preindustrial man and environmental degradation. In Kim, K. C., and Weaver, R. (eds.),Biodiversity and Landscapes: A Paradox of Humanity, Cambridge University Press, New York, pp. 77–105.
Schele, L., and Miller, M. (1986).The Blood of Kings, Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX.
Schortman, E. M. (1989). Interregional interaction in prehistory: The need for a new perspective.American Antiquity 54: 52–65.
Sharer, R. (1978). Archaeology and history at Quiriquá, Guatemala.Journal of Field Archaeology 5: 51–70.
Spink, M. (1983).Metates as Socioeconomic Indicators During the Classic Period at Copán, Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park.
Stromsvik, G. (1942).Substela Caches and Stela Foundations at Copán and Quiriquá, Publication 528, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC.
Stromsvik, G. (1942). The ball courts at Copán, with notes on courts at La Union, Quirigua, San Pedro Pinula, and Ascucion Mita.Carnegie Institution of Washington, Contributions to American Anthropology and History 11(55): 183–214.
Sweeny, J. W. (1983). Estudio preliminar de los artifactos líticos en el Valle de Copán. In Baudez, C. F. (ed.),Introducción a la arqueología de Copán, Secretaría del Estado en el Despacho de Cultural y Turismo, Tegucigalpa, pp. 611–628.
Teeple, J. E. (1930). Maya astronomy.Contributions to American Archaeology and History, No. 2, Publication 403, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC, pp. 29–115.
Traxler, L. (1996). Grupos de patios tempranos de la acrópolis de Copán.Yaxkin 14(1–2): 35–50.
Turner, B. L., II, and Johnson, W. C. (1979). A Maya dam in the Copán Valley, Honduras.American Antiquity 44: 299–305.
Turner, B. L., Johnson, W., Mahood, G., Wiseman, F., and Poole, J. (1983). Habitat y agricultura en la región de Copán. In Baudez, C. F. (ed.),Introducción a la arqueología de Copán, Secretaría del Estado en el Despacho de Cultural y Turismo, Tegucigalpa, pp. 35–142.
Viel, R., and Cheek, C. (1983). Sepulturas. In Baudez, C. F. (ed.),Introducción a la arqueología de Copán, Secretaría del Estado en el Despacho de Cultural y Turismo, Tegucigalpa, pp. 551–610.
Webster, D. (1989). The house of the Bacabs: Its social context. In Webster, D. (ed.),The House of the Bacabs, Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC, pp. 5–40
Webster, D., and Abrams, E. M. (1983). An elite compound at Copán, Honduras.Journal of Field Archaeology 10: 285–296.
Webster, D., Fash, W., and Abrams, E. M. (1986). In Sanders, W. T. (ed.),Excavaciones en el área urbana de Copán, Vol. 1, Secretaría del Estado en el Despacho de Cultural y Turismo, Tegucigalpa, pp. 155–318.
Willey, G. R., and Leventhal, R. (1979). Prehistoric settlement at Copán. In Hammond, N., and Willey, G. R. (eds.),Maya Archaeology and Ethnohistory, University of Texas Press, Austin, pp. 75–102.
Willey, G., Leventhal, R., and Fash, W. L., Jr. (1978). Maya settlement in the Copán Valley, Honduras.Archaeology 31: 32–43.
Wisdom, C. (1940).The Chorti Indians of Guatemala, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Webster, D. The archaeology of Copán, Honduras. J Archaeol Res 7, 1–53 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02446084
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02446084